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Performance factors for ground-air thermoelectric power generators

机译：地面空气热电发电机的性能因素

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The daily variation in air temperature is large compared with the temperature changes a short distance below the surface of the ground. In theory, a heat engine can be arranged to produce electricity from this temperature difference. In practice, the thermal efficiency of such a device will be low because of the small temperature differences involved. One example of such an energy harvesting device that can produce a small amount of electrical power uses a thermoelectric generator operating between the air and ground temperatures. The low thermal efficiency means that accurately predicting thermal resistances throughout the device and at the air-side and ground-side heat exchangers is critical to the creation of a useful device. Advantages of this device include high reliability, no acoustic emissions, low visibility, significant night-time power production, ruggedness, and long life. With appropriate external power conditioning components, the device could be used to power remote sensors and communications systems. The design of a pair of milliwatt-scale ground source heat engines is described. The devices were fabricated using custom heat exchangers and off-the-shelf thermoelectric modules and other supplies. Both systems were tested over an extended period in order to quantitatively assess effects of sunlight and precipitation on system performance and life. Exhaustive analysis of air-side average heat transfer coefficients, system thermal resistances, and ground-side thermal resistances provides quantitative design information for future applications. Finned and unfinned versions of otherwise identical prototypes permits assessment of fin performance on both ground-side and air-side heat transfer.
机译：与地面以下一小段距离的温度变化相比，空气温度的每日变化较大。从理论上讲，可以布置热机以根据该温度差发电。实际上，由于所涉及的温差小，这种设备的热效率会很低。可以产生少量电能的这种能量收集装置的一个示例使用在空气温度与地面温度之间运行的热电发电机。低热效率意味着准确预测整个设备以及空气侧和地面侧热交换器的热阻对于创建有用的设备至关重要。该设备的优势包括高可靠性，无声发射，低能见度，夜间大量发电，坚固耐用，使用寿命长。借助适当的外部功率调节组件，该设备可用于为远程传感器和通信系统供电。描述了一对毫瓦规模的地源热机的设计。这些设备是使用定制的热交换器，现成的热电模块和其他电源制造的。为了长时间评估阳光和降水对系统性能和寿命的影响，对这两个系统都进行了长时间的测试。空气侧平均传热系数，系统热阻和地面侧热阻的详尽分析为将来的应用提供了定量的设计信息。在其他方面相同的原型的有鳍和无鳍版本允许评估地面和空气侧传热的鳍性能。

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