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Overview of recent advances in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass

机译：生物质热化学转化的最新进展概述

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Energy from biomass, bioenergy, is a perspective source to replace fossil fuels in the future, as it is abundant, clean, and carbon dioxide neutral. Biomass can be combusted directly to generate heat and electricity, and by means of thermo-chemical and bio-chemical processes it can be converted into bio-fuels in the forms of solid (e.g., charcoal), liquid (e.g., bio-oils, methanol and ethanol), and gas (e.g., methane and hydrogen), which can be used further for heat and power generation. This paper provides an overview of the principles, reactions, and applications of four fundamental thermo-chemical processes (combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and liquefaction) for bioenergy production, as well as recent developments in these technologies. Some advanced thermo-chemical processes, including co-flring/co-combustion of biomass with coal or natural gas, fast pyrolysis, plasma gasification and supercritical water gasification, are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages, potential for future applications and challenges of these processes are discussed. The co-firing of biomass and coal is the easiest and most economical approach for the generation of bioenergy on a large-sale. Fast pyrolysis has attracted attention as it is to date the only industrially available technology for the production of bio-oils. Plasma techniques, due to their high destruction and reduction efficiencies for any form of waste, have great application potential for hazardous waste treatment. Supercritical water gasification is a promising approach for hydrogen generation from biomass feedstocks, especially those with high moisture contents.
机译：来自生物质的能量，即生物能，是未来替代化石燃料的一种前景之源，因为它丰富，清洁且二氧化碳中性。生物质可以直接燃烧以产生热量和电能，并且可以通过热化学和生物化学过程将其转化为固体（例如木炭），液体（例如生物油，甲醇和乙醇）以及气体（例如甲烷和氢气），可进一步用于热能和发电。本文概述了用于生物能源生产的四个基本热化学过程（燃烧，热解，气化和液化）的原理，反应和应用，以及这些技术的最新发展。介绍了一些先进的热化学过程，包括生物质与煤或天然气的共燃烧/共燃烧，快速热解，等离子气化和超临界水气化。讨论了这些过程的优缺点，未来应用的潜力以及挑战。生物质和煤炭的共烧是大批量生产生物能源的最简单，最经济的方法。快速热解引起了人们的关注，因为它是迄今为止唯一可用于生产生物油的工业可用技术。等离子体技术由于对各种形式的废物具有很高的破坏力和降低效率，因此在危险废物处理方面具有巨大的应用潜力。超临界水气化是一种从生物质原料，尤其是水分含量高的原料中制氢的有前途的方法。

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