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Energy And Environmental Assessment Of Small District Heating Systems: Global And Local Effects In Two Case-studies

机译：小区域供热系统的能源和环境评估：两个案例研究的全球和局部影响

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In this paper, starting from previous works, further analyses on district heating cogeneration systems are proposed and particular attention is given to the NO, pollutant. In addition to the mean yearly concentrations, the hourly limit values for the protection of human health are also taken into account: the 18th maximum hourly concentration is considered. The main steps necessary to characterize a district heating plant are shown and two case-studies are discussed. As far as the energetic aspects are concerned, these new plants always offer a primary energy saving, and the global environmental effects are improved due to a reduction in CO_2. Local NO_x emissions of a future plant do not decrease with respect to the existing emissions, and this aspect is closely connected to the type of CHP unit that is adopted (in this paper, natural gas fuelled engines). The local environmental effects due to NO_x are estimated using a dispersion model, and the NO_x concentrations (annual mean value and maximum hourly value) introduced by the new plant and those avoided through the non-use of existing domestic boilers are compared. For one of the case-studies emerges that some zones do not satisfy ambient air quality limits. For these reasons, a higher stack has been assumed for this critical case and the new results show that a reduction in the frequency of the overcomings, which is in agreement with expectations, can thus be obtained. The analysed case-studies have shown that even a small CHP district heating plant can produce critical aspects and a pollutant concentration analysis is a useful tool to check local environmental aspects.
机译：本文从以前的工作开始，对区域供热热电联产系统进行了进一步分析，并特别关注了NO，污染物。除了年平均浓度外，还应考虑到保护人类健康的小时限值：考虑到第18个最大小时浓度。显示了表征区域供热厂所需的主要步骤，并讨论了两个案例研究。就能源方面而言，这些新工厂始终提供主要的节能效果，并且由于减少了CO_2而改善了全球环境影响。未来工厂的本地NO_x排放量不会相对于现有排放量减少，并且这方面与所采用的CHP单元的类型（在本文中为天然气燃料发动机）紧密相关。使用弥散模型估算由NO_x引起的局部环境影响，并比较新工厂引入的NO_x浓度（年平均值和最大小时值）和不使用现有家用锅炉避免的NO_x浓度。对于其中一项案例研究，发现某些区域不满足环境空气质量限制。由于这些原因，对于这种关键情况，已经假设使用更高的堆栈，新的结果表明，因此可以降低与期望相符的克服频率。经过分析的案例研究表明，即使是小型的热电联产集中供热厂也可能产生关键方面，而污染物浓度分析是检查当地环境方面的有用工具。

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