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An energy impact assessment of indoor air quality acceptance for air-conditioned offices

机译：空调办公室室内空气质量验收的能源影响评估

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摘要

Treatment of fresh air in ventilation systems for the air-conditioning consumes a considerable amount of energy and affects the indoor air quality (iAQ). The ventilation demand is primarily related to the occupant load. In this study, the ventilation demands due to occupant load variations and occupant acceptability were examined against certain IAQ objectives using the mass balance of carbon dioxide (CO_2) concentrations in an air-conditioned office. In particular, this study proposed a ventilation model for the consideration of the occupant load variations and occupant acceptability based on the regional survey of typical offices (422 samples) in Hong Kong. The model was applied to evaluate the relative energy performance of different IAQ objectives in ventilation systems for typical office buildings in Hong Kong. The results showed that the energy consumption of a ventilation system would be correlated with the occupant load and acceptability in the air-conditioned office. Indicative CO_2 levels of 800 ppmv, 1000 ppmv and 1200ppmv corresponding to 83%, 97% and 99.7% survey samples were shown, corresponding to the thermal energy consumptions of 1500 MJ m~(2)yr~(-1) 960 MJ m~(-2)yr~(-1)and 670 MJ m~(-2)yr~(-1), respectively. In regards to the monetary issue, an annual value of HK$ 762 million per year in electrical consumption could be saved in all office buildings in Hong Kong when the indoor target CO_2 concentration is increased from 1000 ppmv to 1200 ppmv. To achieve an excellent IAQ following the existing design standard, i.e. to decrease the CO_2 level from 1000 ppmv to 800 ppmv, 56% additional energy would be consumed, corresponding to an annual value of HK$ 1,419 million, even though the occupant acceptability is only improved from 81% to 86%. The development of the models in this study would be useful for the energy performance evaluation of ventilation systems in air-conditioned offices.
机译：在空调通风系统中处理新鲜空气会消耗大量能量，并影响室内空气质量（iAQ）。通风需求主要与乘员负荷有关。在这项研究中，通过使用空调办公室中二氧化碳（CO_2）浓度的质量平衡，针对某些IAQ目标检查了由于乘员负荷变化和乘员可接受性引起的通风需求。尤其是，本研究基于香港典型办公室的区域调查（422个样本），提出了一种通风模型，以考虑乘员的负荷变化和乘员的可接受性。该模型用于评估香港典型办公楼通风系统中不同室内空气质量指标的相对能源性能。结果表明，通风系统的能耗将与空调办公室中的人员负荷和可接受性相关。显示的指示性CO_2水平为800 ppmv，1000 ppmv和1200ppmv，分别对应于83％，97％和99.7％的调查样本，对应于1500 MJ m〜（2）yr〜（-1）960 MJ m〜的热能消耗。 （-2）yr〜（-1）和670 MJ m〜（-2）yr〜（-1）。关于货币问题，当室内目标CO_2浓度从1000 ppmv提高到1200 ppmv时，香港所有办公楼每年可节省7.62亿港元的电费。为了按照现行设计标准获得出色的室内空气质量，即将CO_2的水平从1000 ppmv降低到800 ppmv，将消耗56％的额外能量，相当于每年价值14.19亿港元，即使乘员的可接受性只是从81％提高到86％。本研究中模型的开发对于空调办公室通风系统的能源绩效评估将是有用的。

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