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Technoeconomic evaluation of IGCC power plants for CO_2 avoidance

机译：IGCC电厂避免CO_2的技术经济评估

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摘要

Growing electricity demands within the next century imply an expansion in the current power plant fleet. The achievement of the above, coupled with the need for significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a challenging task. Cleaner, more efficient fossil fuel based power plant designs, combined with CO_2 capture technologies constitute an attractive option to meet this challenge in the near to medium term. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants have the lowest carbon dioxide emissions among coal power plants. When combined with a CO_2 physical absorption system, substantial GHG emissions reductions can be attained. Depending on the degree of capture, the emissions can match or become less than those of natural gas fired combined cycle (NGCC) power plants. This paper is a technical and economic comparison of the performance of five plant designs in the 50C MW output range: IGCC without CO_2 capture, IGCC with 80% capture, IGCC with CO_2 emissions equal to those of a NGCC, IGCC with CO_2 and H_2S co-capture, and NGCC without capture. ASPEN Plus™ models of the above plants were developed and the following plant performance results are discussed: net power output, efficiency, plant ancillary energy requirements and overall CO_2 emissions. Economic evaluations for all cases are presented, including the cost methodology and economic basis. The capital investment, cost of electricity and carbon dioxide mitigation costs for all plants are detailed and compared. The simulation results show that the economics favour higher capture levels in new IGCC plants. The CO_2 mitigation costs corresponding to IGCC plants with 80% capture are slightly lower than those corresponding to IGCC plants with equal emissions to those of NGCC plants (28 vs. 30 US$/tonne CO_2 avoided). The capital cost difference (per kW of net installed capacity) between the above plants is 7%, while the CO_2 emissions of the former are almost half those of the latter. IGCC plants with CO_2 and H_2S co-capture have substantial technoeconomic advantages over IGCC plants that capture CO_2 and H_2S separately. Based on a 577 MW IGCC, the power output decreases only to 552 MW for the co-capture case, whereas it drops to 488 MW when CO_2 and H_2S are captured separately. The incremental capital cost of co-capture plants is 6%, and their electricity production cost increase is less than half a cent, with respect to an IGCC without capture. The CO_2 mitigation cost of co-capture plants is at least four times lower than their separate CO_2 and H_2S capture counterparts.
机译：下个世纪内电力需求的增长意味着当前发电厂船队的扩大。实现上述目标，以及需要显着减少温室气体（GHG）排放，是一项艰巨的任务。更清洁，更高效的基于化石燃料的发电厂设计与CO_2捕获技术相结合，构成了在中短期内应对这一挑战的有吸引力的选择。整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）发电厂的二氧化碳排放量在燃煤电厂中最低。当与CO_2物理吸收系统结合使用时，可以实现温室气体的大量减少。根据捕获的程度，排放量可以匹配或变得小于天然气联合循环（NGCC）发电厂。本文是在50C MW输出范围内对五种电厂设计的性能进行技术和经济比较：无CO_2捕集的IGCC，具有80％捕集的IGCC，CO_2排放的IGCC等于NGCC，具有CO_2和H_2S的IGCC捕获，而NGCC没有捕获。开发了以上工厂的ASPEN Plus™模型，并讨论了以下工厂性能结果：净功率输出，效率，工厂辅助能源需求和整体CO_2排放量。介绍了所有案例的经济评估，包括成本方法和经济基础。详细介绍并比较了所有工厂的资本投资，电力成本和二氧化碳减排成本。仿真结果表明，经济因素有利于新建IGCC工厂中更高的捕集水平。与捕获率达到80％的IGCC工厂相对应的CO_2减排成本略低于与NGCC排放相同的IGCC工厂所对应的CO_2减排成本（分别避免了28比30美元/吨的CO_2）。上述工厂之间的资本成本差异（每千瓦净装机容量）为7％，而前者的CO_2排放量几乎是后者的一半。与分别捕获CO_2和H_2S的IGCC植物相比，具有CO_2和H_2S共同捕获的IGCC植物具有巨大的技术经济优势。基于577 MW IGCC，在同时捕获的情况下，功率输出仅降低至552 MW，而当分别捕获CO_2和H_2S时，功率输出降至488 MW。与没有捕获的IGCC相比，联合捕获电厂的增量资本成本为6％，其电力生产成本的增长不到0.5％。共捕获工厂的CO_2减排成本至少比其单独的CO_2和H_2S捕获同行的成本低至少四倍。

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