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How significant is energy efficiency to mitigate CO_2 emissions? Evidence from OECD countries

机译：能源效率对减少CO_2排放有多重要？经合组织国家的证据

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This paper develops a two-step approach to investigate the effect of energy efficiency improvements on CO2 emissions at the macro level. We use the index decomposition analysis to derive the true energy efficiency by separating out the impact of structural shifts in economic activity on energy intensity. We then employ both STSM and LSDVC models to examine and quantify the impact of the energy efficiency on CO2 emissions accounting for non-economic factors such as consumers' lifestyle, attitudes and environmental awareness. The application for 30 OECD countries shows that at the group level, the decline in energy intensity predominately occurred due to improvements in energy efficiency while at the country level, there are mixed contributions from improvement in energy efficiency and structural shift to the decline in energy intensity. The econometric results show that income has the most significant positive impact on CO2 emissions but improving energy efficiency makes the biggest contribution to driving down CO2 emissions. The method further enables the separate assessment of non-economic behavioural effects, which are found to exert a non-trivial influence on CO2 emissions in parallel with changes in energy efficiency. We conclude that energy efficiency remains a key option but that there is also a need for additional policies aiming for behavioural and other non-economic changes. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：本文开发了一种分两步进行的方法，以从宏观层面研究能源效率改善对CO2排放的影响。我们通过分解经济活动的结构性变化对能源强度的影响，使用指数分解分析来得出真实的能源效率。然后，我们使用STSM和LSDVC模型来研究和量化能源效率对CO2排放的影响，并考虑到非经济因素，例如消费者的生活方式，态度和环境意识。对30个经合组织国家的申请表明，在集团层面，能源强度的下降主要是由于能源效率的提高而引起的，而在国家层面，能源效率的提高和结构性转变对能源强度的下降的贡献各不相同。 。计量经济学结果表明，收入对CO2排放具有最显着的积极影响，但提高能效对降低CO2排放贡献最大。该方法还可以对非经济行为影响进行单独评估，发现非经济行为影响与能源效率变化同时对CO2排放产生了重要影响。我们得出结论，能源效率仍然是一个关键选择，但是也需要针对行为和其他非经济变化的其他政策。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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