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The economic efficiency of energy-consuming equipment: a DEA approach

机译：耗能设备的经济效率：DEA方法

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The market for an energy-consuming device offers a range of models that will meet consumers’ needs for an energy service with different levels of energy efficiency. A more efficient model is likely to have greater up-front costs, but the increased efficiency will eventually translate into energy cost savings over the device’s lifespan. Cost-effectiveness indicators (namely, net benefit and benefit-cost ratio) can be used to assess whether a more efficient model can be a better alternative for consumers. However, whereas these indicators express to what extent the additional benefits outweigh the additional costs, they do not indicate how efficiently each model allocates capital and energy to provide the energy service. They, therefore, lack the economic efficiency dimension of the problem. This paper introduces a data-oriented, non-parametric approach to evaluate such efficiency for a set of alternative models of an energy-consuming device. It relies on data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate relative efficiency coefficients. The coefficients establish an input efficient frontier for the energy service provided and indicate the models that provide the energy service at the least cost. DEA is further extended to calculate the highest cost-effectiveness achievable and indicate the most cost-effective alternatives. The approach proves useful to support consumers’ decision-making when shopping for energy-consuming equipment, to guide manufacturers when benchmarking the models they produce, and to inform energy efficiency policy-making and program designing.
机译：耗能设备市场提供了多种型号，可以满足消费者对不同能效水平的能源服务的需求。效率更高的模型可能会有更高的前期成本，但提高的效率最终将转化为设备使用寿命内的能源成本节省。成本效益指标（即净收益和收益成本比）可用于评估更有效的模型是否可以为消费者提供更好的选择。但是，尽管这些指标在多大程度上表示了额外收益超过了额外成本，但并未指出每种模型分配资本和能源以提供能源服务的效率如何。因此，它们缺乏问题的经济效率维度。本文介绍了一种面向数据的非参数方法，用于评估一组耗能设备的替代模型的效率。它依靠数据包络分析（DEA）来计算相对效率系数。系数为所提供的能源服务建立了输入有效边界，并指示以最低成本提供能源服务的模型。 DEA被进一步扩展，以计算可达到的最高成本效益并指出最具成本效益的替代方案。这种方法被证明对支持消费者在购买耗能设备时的决策，指导制造商在对他们生产的模型进行基准测试以及指导能效政策制定和程序设计方面很有用。

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