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Evaluation of energy embodied in the external wall of single-family buildings in the process of energy performance optimisation

机译：能源性能优化过程中单户住宅外墙体现的能源评估

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In addition to reducing the energy consumption in residential buildings, the Rulebook on the energy efficiency of buildings, which was recently enacted in Serbia, also pays special attention to the issue of energy performance of the existing buildings. On the other hand, in the course of a few decades researchers all around the world are showing tendencies towards inclusion of embodied energy  into the calculation of the overall energy consumption in the residential sector instead of just employing the most frequent and widespread calculation of operational energy. Thus, the aim of the paper is to determine the quantity of embodied energy on the example of the external wall of selected residential buildings, before and after the process of energy performance optimisation, in four different scenarios including four different insulation materials. A selection of seven house types, which were deemed representative for this research, was conducted on the example of Sombor, a typical town in Vojvodina, i.e. a typical town in Northern Serbia. Two criteria were involved: the applied materials and the representation of buildings constructed in different time periods. The issue of improving the thermal features of the external walls is analysed, since it was previously determined that none of the selected buildings satisfy the maximal value of thermal transmittance U, as stipulated by the latest Rulebook from 2011 (Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning MEMSP 2011a). The methodology for the embodied energy evaluation in 1 m2 of the external wall was created on the basis of the grouping of life cycle phases into building’s energy use categories: initial embodied, operational, recurrent embodied and demolition energy; and into the system boundaries: cradle to gate, cradle to site, cradle to grave and cradle to cradle. After taking into consideration, the life cycle phases of the external walls’ building materials and subsequently installed insulation materials, it was determined that in terms of consumed recurrent embodied energy, the local insulation materials typical for the region of Vojvodina, are more preferable in relation to the widespread artificial materials.
机译：除了减少住宅建筑物的能源消耗外，最近在塞尔维亚颁布的《建筑物能源效率规则手册》还特别关注了现有建筑物的能源性能问题。另一方面，在过去的几十年中，世界各地的研究人员都显示出将内含能源纳入住宅部门整体能源消耗的计算中的趋势，而不仅仅是采用最频繁，最广泛的运营能源计算方法。因此，本文的目的是在包括四种不同绝缘材料在内的四种不同情况下，在优化能源性能的过程之前和之后，确定所选住宅建筑物的外墙实例中包含的能量。我们以伏伊伏丁那（Vojvodina）的典型城镇，即塞尔维亚北部的典型城镇Sombor为例，对七种房屋类型进行了选择，这些类型被认为是本研究的代表。涉及两个标准：应用的材料和在不同时间段内建造的建筑物的表示形式。分析了改善外墙热特性的问题，因为先前已确定所选建筑物均不满足热透射率的最大值U，这是根据2011年最新《规则手册》（环境，矿业和空间部）规定的计划MEMSP 2011a）。在将生命周期阶段分为建筑物的能源使用类别的基础上，创建了外墙1平方米内的体现能量评估方法：初始体现能量，运营能量，循环体现能量和拆除能量；并进入系统边界：从摇篮到大门，从摇篮到现场，从摇篮到坟墓，从摇篮到摇篮。在考虑了外墙建筑材料和随后安装的隔热材料的生命周期阶段后，确定了就消耗的循环体现能量而言，伏伊伏丁那地区典型的本地隔热材料相对而言更为可取到广泛使用的人工材料

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