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A target-oriented data envelopment analysis for energy-environment efficiency improvement in Japan

机译：面向目标的数据包络分析，以改善日本的能源环境效率

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This paper aims to offer a quantitative contribution to energy-environment policy in Japan in the aftermath of the Fukushima nuclear power accident. Since then, nuclear power energy supply has almost entirely been banned, and consequently, an intensive search for alternative forms of energy supply (ranging from fossil fuels to renewable forms of energy, such as solar or thermal power) has started. There is no clear-cut direction for energy policy, as each option involves costs and CO2 consequences; Japan has even withdrawn from the Kyoto protocol. A balanced energy-environment policy is difficult to achieve in the short term, and therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive efficiency and performance analysis of the Japanese energy sector. A popular standard tool to judge the efficiency or performance of a decision-making unit (DMU) is a data envelopment analysis (DEA). The existence of multiple efficiency-improvement solutions has prompted much criticism in recent years. In the meantime, much progress has been made in extending this approach in several directions. An example is the euclidean distance minimisation (EDM) method, based on a generalised distance function, which serves to improve a DMU’s performance by tracing the most appropriate movement towards the efficiency frontier. The EDM model is able to calculate an optimal input reduction value and an optimal output increase value in order to reach an efficiency score of 1.0, even though in reality this may be hard to achieve for low-efficiency DMUs. In contrast, high-efficiency DMUs might find it easier to reach an efficiency score of 1.0, or in the case of a super-efficiency DEA, a score of above 1.0. This paper aims to present a newly developed adjusted DEA model, emerging from a blend of the EDM and the target-oriented (TO) approach based on a super-efficiency model, for generating an appropriate efficiency-improving projection model. The TO approach specifies a target-efficiency score (TES) for inefficient DMUs. This approach can compute an input reduction value and an output increase value in order to achieve a higher TES. The abovementioned TO-EDM model will be applied to an efficiency analysis of the energy-environment interface for 10 regions in Japan. The focus will be on one input cost criterion (viz. expenditures) and two output performance criteria (viz. electricity generation and CO2 emission). Based on an extensive database, a comparative performance analysis of the 10 Japan regions under consideration will be pursued.
机译：本文旨在为福岛核电事故后的日本能源环境政策做出定量的贡献。从那时起，几乎完全禁止了核能能源的供应，因此，开始了对替代能源供应形式（从化石燃料到可再生能源，例如太阳能或火力发电）的密集搜索。能源政策没有明确的方向，因为每种选择都涉及成本和二氧化碳后果。日本甚至退出了​​《京都议定书》。短期内难以实现均衡的能源环境政策，因此，迫切需要对日本能源行业进行全面的效率和绩效分析。判断决策单元（DMU）的效率或性能的流行标准工具是数据包络分析（DEA）。近年来，多种效率提高解决方案的存在引起了很多批评。同时，在将这种方法扩展到几个方向方面已经取得了很大的进步。一个示例是基于广义距离函数的欧几里德距离最小化（EDM）方法，该方法可通过追踪朝着效率边界的最适当的移动来改善DMU的性能。 EDM模型能够计算出最佳的输入减少值和最佳的输出增加值，以达到1.0的效率得分，尽管实际上对于低效率的DMU来说可能很难实现。相反，高效DMU可能更容易达到1.0的效率得分，或者在超高效DEA的情况下，得分超过1.0。本文旨在提出一种新开发的调整后的DEA模型，该模型是基于EDM和基于超效率模型的面向目标（TO）方法的融合而产生的，用于生成适当的效率提高的投影模型。 TO方法为效率低下的DMU指定了目标效率得分（TES）。该方法可以计算输入减少值和输出增加值，以实现更高的TES。上述TO-EDM模型将应用于日本10个地区的能源-环境界面的效率分析。重点将放在一个投入成本标准（即支出）和两个产出绩效标准（即发电和二氧化碳排放量）上。基于广泛的数据库，将对正在考虑的日本10个地区进行比较绩效分析。

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