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首页> 外文期刊>Energy efficiency >Bringing the home in the lab: consumer-relevant testing for household electrical products
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Bringing the home in the lab: consumer-relevant testing for household electrical products

机译：将实验室带回家：与消费者相关的家用电气产品测试

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摘要

Product testing is widely used to assess the characteristics, e.g. performance and energy consumption of a product. The procedures for executing the tests, including measurements and processing of measurement results, can be contained in standards. Standards should produce results that are repeatable, reproducible and valid at a reasonable cost. A number of stakeholders have questioned the appropriateness of several standards because the results that these standards provide are different from what a consumer may experience in practice. In the end, this can have negative consequences for the trust of consumers in the policy instruments (energy labels, minimum efficiency requirements) that use these standards and an energy savings deficit compared to what was expected by policy-makers. There is, therefore, a need for standards that better reflect real-life' conditions, meaning those conditions that consumers experience at home. However, unlike the other criteria that standards should meet, there is no methodology to assess the representativeness of a standard. This article develops such a methodology and presents the results for several household electrical appliances: washing machines, refrigerators and vacuum cleaners. In general, variation of situational conditions is not reflected in the standards and important parts of use behaviour are implemented as artificial' in the standards, showing that the other criteria (repeatability, reproducibility and cost) are prioritised over representativeness. Assessment of performance is difficult to evaluate because the type of assessment differs between practice and test; additional research is needed in this area.
机译：产品测试被广泛用于评估特性，例如产品的性能和能耗。标准中可以包含执行测试的过程，包括测量和测量结果的处理。标准应以合理的成本产生可重复，可再现和有效的结果。许多利益相关者质疑几种标准的适用性，因为这些标准提供的结果与消费者在实践中可能会体验到的结果不同。最后，这可能会对消费者对使用这些标准的政策工具（能源标签，最低效率要求）的信任产生负面影响，并且与政策制定者所预期的相比，将导致能源节约赤字。因此，需要一种能更好地反映现实生活条件的标准，即消费者在家中所经历的条件。但是，与标准应满足的其他标准不同，没有方法可以评估标准的代表性。本文开发了这种方法，并介绍了几种家用电器的结果：洗衣机，冰箱和吸尘器。通常，情况条件的变化不会在标准中反映出来，使用行为的重要部分在标准中是人为地实施的，这表明其他标准（可重复性，可再现性和成本）优先于代表性。绩效评估很难评估，因为评估的类型在实践和测试之间有所不同。在这方面还需要进一步的研究。

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