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Techno-economic analysis of capacitive and intercalative water deionization

机译：电容性和插入水去离子的技术经济分析

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摘要

We conduct a techno-economic analysis of electrochemical water deionization technologies. The objective of the analysis is to compare cost, volume, and energy consumption of membrane capacitive deionization (mCDI) to intercalative deionization techniques. Here, we first explore the concept of hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI),i.e., a cation intercalation electrode paired with an activated carbon capacitive electrode. Then we explore in detail a novel device concept, fully intercalative water deionization (IDI), which relies entirely on the cation intercalation principle. The intercalation host materials in our study are Prussian blue analogs (PBAs),e.g., NiFe(CN)(6)or CuFe(CN)(6), that offer similar to 3-5x higher gravimetric salt removal capacities than typical activated carbon. Our analysis shows that IDI should be superior to mCDI in module cost, volume, and energy efficiency, despite a more complex module architecture. Making careful assumptions on material costs, we provide a cost breakdown for mCDI, HCDI, and IDI modules and show that IDI is the only concept that is not dominated by ion exchange membrane costs. The environmental impact of electrochemical water deionization is illustrated by estimating the carbon footprint of currently installed reverse osmosis capacity in different world regions and comparing it to the respective carbon footprint of mCDI, HCDI, and IDI at similar capacity.
机译：我们对电化学水去离子技术进行了技术经济分析。分析的目的是将膜电容去离子（MCDI）的成本，体积和能量消耗进行比较至内插的去离子技术。在这里，我们首先探索混合电容去离子（HCDI），即用活性炭电容电极配对的阳离子插层电极的概念。然后我们详细探讨了一种新颖的设备概念，完全插入水去离子（IDI），其完全依赖于阳离子插入原理。我们研究中的嵌入宿主材料是普鲁士蓝色类似物（PBA），例如，NiFe（CN）（6）或CuFe（CN）（6），其具有与典型的活性炭相似的重量盐去除能力。我们的分析表明，尽管模块架构更复杂，但IDI应优于模块成本，体积和能效的MCDI。仔细假设材料成本，我们为MCDI，HCDI和IDI模块提供了成本崩溃，并显示IDI是唯一由离子交换膜成本主导的概念。通过估计不同世界地区目前安装的反渗透能力的碳足迹并将其与MCDI，HCDI和IDI的相应碳足迹进行比较，以估计电化学水去离子的环境影响。

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  • 来源
    《Energy & environmental science》 |2020年第6期|1544-1560|共17页
  • 作者

    Metzger Michael; Besli Munir M.; Kuppan Saravanan; Hellstrom Sondra; Kim Soo; Sebti Elias; Subban Chinmayee V.; Christensen Jake;

  • 作者单位

    Robert Bosch LLC Res & Technol Ctr Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA;

    Robert Bosch LLC Res & Technol Ctr Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA;

    Robert Bosch LLC Res & Technol Ctr Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA;

    Robert Bosch LLC Res & Technol Ctr Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA;

    Robert Bosch LLC Res & Technol Ctr Cambridge MA 02139 USA;

    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div Berkeley CA 94720 USA;

    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div Berkeley CA 94720 USA;

    Robert Bosch LLC Res & Technol Ctr Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA;

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