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Current density in solar fuel technologies

机译：太阳能燃料技术的电流密度

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摘要

Solar-to-fuel direct conversion devices are a key component to realize a full transition to a renewable-energy based chemistry and energy, but their limits and possibilities are still under large debate. In this review article, we focus on the current density as a fundamental figure of merit to analyse these aspects and to compare different device configurations and types of solar fuels produced from small molecules such as H2O, CO2 and N-2. Devices with physical separation of the anodic and cathodic zones, photoelectrochemical-type (PEC) or with a photovoltaic element integrated in an electrochemical cell (PV/EC), are analysed. The physico-chemical mechanisms involved in device operation that affect the current density and relations with device architecture are first discussed. Aspects relevant to device design in relation to practical use are also commented on. Then discussion is moved towards the relevance of these aspects to compare the behaviour in the state-of-the-art of the conversion of these small molecules, with focus on solar fuels from H2O, CO2 and N-2 conversion, highligthing the gaps and perspectives of such technologies. The still significant lack of crucial data, notwithstanding the extensive literature on the topic, has to be remarked on, particularly in terms of the need to operate these cells in conjunction with sun concentration (in the 50-100 sun range) which emerges as the necessary direction from this analysis, with consequent aspects in terms of cell and materials design to operate in these conditions. The work provides a guide for the optimisation of the investigated technology and the fixing of their practical limits for large-scale applications.
机译：太阳能 - 燃料直接转换装置是实现全面过渡到可再生能量的化学和能量的关键组件，但它们的限制和可能性仍处于大辩论。在这篇文章中，我们专注于当前密度作为分析这些方面的基本绩效，并比较由小分子如H2O，CO2和N-2产生的不同设备配置和类型的太阳能燃料。分析了阳极和阴极区的物理分离的装置，光电化学型（PEC）或与集成在电化学电池（PV / EC）中的光伏元件进行分析。首先讨论了影响电流密度和与设备架构关系的装置操作中涉及的物理化学机制。还评论了与实际使用相关的设备设计相关的方面。然后讨论朝着这些方面的相关性进行了比较了这些小分子转换的现状中的行为，重点是来自H2O，CO2和N-2转换的太阳能燃料，高点和这些技术的透视。尽管有广泛的文献，但仍然存在缺乏关注的重要数据，特别是在需要与太阳浓度（在50-100太阳范围内）一起操作这些细胞的必要性从该分析中的必要方向，随着细胞和材料设计方面的影响，在这些条件下运行。该工作为优化调查技术提供了指南，并对大型应用的实际限制进行了解决方案。

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  • 来源
    《Energy & environmental science》 |2021年第11期|5760-5787|共28页
  • 作者

    Romano Valentino; DAngelo Giovanna; Perathoner Siglinda; Centi Gabriele;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Messina Dept MIFT Vle F Stagno Dalcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy;

    Univ Messina Dept MIFT Vle F Stagno Dalcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy;

    Univ Messina Dept ChiBioFarAm & ERIC Aisbl Vle F Stagno Dalcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy;

    Univ Messina Dept ChiBioFarAm & ERIC Aisbl Vle F Stagno Dalcontres 31 I-98166 Messina Italy;

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