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Methods for comparing the performance of energy-conversion systems for use in solar fuels and solar electricity generation

机译：比较用于太阳能燃料和太阳能发电的能量转换系统性能的方法

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摘要

The energy-conversion efficiency is a key metric that facilitates comparison of the performance of various approaches to solar energy conversion. However, a suite of disparate methodologies has been proposed and used historically to evaluate the efficiency of systems that produce fuels, either directly or indirectly, with sunlight and/or electrical power as the system inputs. A general expression for the system efficiency is given as the ratio of the total output power (electrical plus chemical) divided by the total input power (electrical plus solar). The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency follows from this globally applicable system efficiency but only is applicable in the special case for systems in which the only input power is sunlight and the only output power is in the form of hydrogen fuel derived from solar-driven water splitting. Herein, system-level efficiencies, beyond the STH efficiency, as well as component-level figures of merit are defined and discussed to describe the relative energy-conversion performance of key photoactive components of complete systems. These figures of merit facilitate the comparison of electrode materials and interfaces without conflating their fundamental properties with the engineering of the cell setup. The resulting information about the components can then be used in conjunction with a graphical circuit analysis formalism to obtain "optimal" system efficiencies that can be compared between various approaches. The approach provides a consistent method for comparison of the performance at the system and component levels of various technologies that produce fuels and/or electricity from sunlight.
机译：能量转换效率是一个关键指标，可帮助比较各种太阳能转换方法的性能。然而，已经提出了一套不同的方法，并且在历史上被用于评估直接或间接以太阳光和/或电力作为系统输入来生产燃料的系统的效率。系统效率的一般表达式为总输出功率（电加化学物质）除以总输入功率（电加太阳能）之比。太阳能到氢（STH）的效率来自于这种全球适用的系统效率，但仅适用于特殊情况下的系统，在该系统中，唯一输入功率是阳光，而唯一输出功率是来自太阳能的氢燃料驱动的水分解。在此，定义并讨论了除STH效率以外的系统级别效率以及组件级别的性能指标，以描述整个系统的关键光敏组件的相对能量转换性能。这些品质因数有助于比较电极材料和界面，而不会将其基本特性与电池设置工程混淆。然后可以将有关组件的所得信息与图形电路分析形式一起使用，以获得可以在各种方法之间进行比较的“最佳”系统效率。该方法提供了一种一致的方法，用于比较由阳光产生燃料和/或电力的各种技术在系统和组件级别的性能。

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  • 来源
    《Energy & environmental science》 |2015年第10期|2886-2901|共16页
  • 作者

    Coridan Robert H.; Nielander Adam C.; Francis Sonja A.; McDowell Matthew T.; Dix Victoria; Chatman Shawn M.; Lewis Nathan S.;

  • 作者单位

    CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA|CALTECH, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA|CALTECH, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

    CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA|CALTECH, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA|CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA|CALTECH, Kavli Nanosci Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;

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