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首页> 外文期刊>Energy & environmental science >How much bulk energy storage is needed to decarbonize electricity?
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How much bulk energy storage is needed to decarbonize electricity?

机译：脱碳需要多少储能？

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摘要

High cost and technical immaturity of bulk (multi-hour) electricity storage (BES) systems are often cited as major hurdles to increasing the penetration of intermittent renewables. We use a simple model to assess the economics of BES under carbon emissions constraints. Size and dispatch of a green-field generation fleet is optimized to meet a variable load at a 15 minute time resolution. Electricity supply options are wind, gas turbine, BES, and a generic dispatchable-zero-carbon (DZC) source as a proxy for fossil fuel plants with carbon capture or nuclear plants. We review the cost of selected BES technologies and parameterize the performance of storage, focusing on the energy-and power-specific capital costs. We examine sensitivity of the electricity cost to storage performance under a range of emissions constraints. Availability of inexpensive BES systems in general and particularly electrochemical technologies has a small impact on the overall cost of decarbonization. Proportional reductions in capital costs of wind and DZC lower decarbonization costs far more. We find no economic justification for seasonal storage. Intermittent renewables can be used to decarbonize the electricity supply with a proportionally small requirement for BES because gas provides much of the intermittency management even when the carbon emissions intensity is cut to less than 30% of today's U.S. average. Substantial BES is required only when emissions are constrained to nearly zero and DZC is not allowed.
机译：大容量（数小时）电力存储（BES）系统的高成本和技术不成熟通常被认为是增加间歇性可再生能源渗透的主要障碍。我们使用一个简单的模型来评估在碳排放约束下的BES经济。优化了绿地发电船队的规模和调度，以15分钟的时间分辨率满足可变负载。电力供应选项包括风能，燃气轮机，BES和通用可调度零碳（DZC）来源，以替代具有碳捕获或核电厂的化石燃料厂。我们将重点介绍针对能源和电力的资本成本，评估所选BES技术的成本并参数化存储性能。我们研究了在一系列排放限制下电力成本对存储性能的敏感性。一般而言，廉价的BES系统（尤其是电化学技术）的可用性对脱碳的总成本影响很小。风能和DZC的资本成本按比例减少，脱碳成本降低得多。我们找不到季节性存储的经济理由。间歇性可再生能源可用于对BES进行较少需求的电力脱碳处理，因为即使碳排放强度降低到当今美国平均水平的30％以下，气体也能提供大部分的间歇性管理。仅当排放限制在接近零且不允许DZC时才需要大量的BES。

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  • 来源
    《Energy & environmental science》 |2015年第12期|3409-3417|共9页
  • 作者

    Safaei Hossein; Keith David W.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Harvard Univ, Harvard John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA|Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

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