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Nanostructured silicon for high capacity lithium battery anodes

机译：用于高容量锂电池阳极的纳米结构硅

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Nanostructured silicon is promising for high capacity anodes in lithium batteries. The specific capacity of silicon is an order of magnitude higher than that of conventional graphite anodes, but the large volume change of silicon during lithiation and delithiation and the resulting poor cyclability has prevented its commercial application. This challenge could potentially be overcome by silicon nanostructures that can provide facile strain relaxation to prevent electrode pulverization, maintain effective electrical contact, and have the additional benefits of short lithium diffusion distances and enhanced mass transport. In this review, we present an overview of rechargeable lithium batteries and the challenges and opportunities for silicon anodes, then survey the performance of various morphologies of nanostructured silicon (thin film, nanowiresanotubes, nanoparticles, and mesoporous materials) and their nanocomposites. Other factors that affect the performance of nanostructured silicon anodes, including solvent composition, additives, binders, and substrates, are also examined. Finally, we summarize the key lessons from the successes so far and offer perspectives and future challenges to enable the applications of silicon nanoanodes in practical lithium batteries at large scale.
机译：纳米结构硅有望用于锂电池中的高容量阳极。硅的比容量比常规石墨阳极的比容量高一个数量级，但是硅在锂化和脱锂期间的大体积变化以及由此导致的较差的可循环性阻碍了其商业应用。硅纳米结构可潜在地克服这一挑战，硅纳米结构可提供轻松的应变松弛以防止电极粉碎，保持有效的电接触，并具有锂扩散距离短和质量传输增强的其他好处。在这篇综述中，我们概述了可再充电锂电池以及硅阳极的挑战和机遇，然后调查了纳米硅（薄膜，纳米线/纳米管，纳米颗粒和中孔材料）及其纳米复合材料的各种形态的性能。还检查了影响纳米结构硅阳极性能的其他因素，包括溶剂组成，添加剂，粘合剂和基材。最后，我们总结了迄今为止取得的成功的主要经验教训，并提供了前景和未来挑战，以使纳米硅阳极在大规模实际锂电池中的应用成为可能。

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  • 来源
    《Energy & environmental science》 |2011年第1期|p.56-72|共17页
  • 作者

    Jeannine R. Szczech; Song Jin;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA;

    Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA;

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