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Relative Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency Programs versus Market Based Climate Policies in the Chemical Industry

机译：能源效率计划与化学工业中基于市场的气候政策的相对有效性

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摘要

This paper addresses the relative effectiveness of market vs program based climate policies. We compute the carbon price resulting in an equivalent reduction in energy from programs that eliminate the efficiency gap. A reduced-form stochastic frontier energy demand analysis of plant level electricity and fuel data, from energy-intensive chemical sectors, jointly estimates the distribution of energy efficiency and underlying price elasticities. The analysis obtains a decomposition of efficiency into persistent (PE) and time-varying (TVE) components. Total inefficiency is relatively small in most sectors and price elasticities are relatively high. If all plants performed at the 90th percentile of their efficiency distribution, the reduction in energy is between 4% and 37%. A carbon price averaging around $31.51/ton CO2 would achieve reductions in energy use equivalent to all manufacturing plants making improvements to close the efficiency gap.
机译：本文讨论了基于市场与基于计划的气候政策的相对有效性。我们通过消除效率差距的计划来计算碳价，从而导致能源的等效减少。来自能源密集型化工行业的工厂级电力和燃料数据的简化形式的随机前沿能源需求分析，共同估算了能源效率的分布和潜在的价格弹性。该分析将效率分解为持久性（PE）和时变（TVE）组件。在大多数行业中，总的无效率相对较小，价格弹性较高。如果所有工厂都在其效率分布的90％处执行，则能耗降低4％至37％。碳价平均约为每吨二氧化碳31.51美元，这将使能源使用量减少，相当于所有制造厂都在进行改善，以缩小效率差距。

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