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Factors affecting the efficiency of wind power in the European Union countries

机译：影响欧盟国家风力发电效率的因素

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摘要

The study uses the two-stage bias-corrected DEA approach of Simar and Wilson (2007) to assess the efficiency of the EU countries in terms of their wind power investment in 2015. The set of input variables includes installed wind power capacity and average wind power density, while output variables include wind-generated electricity and three additional aspects: environmental, economic and energy security. Next, the study examines the effect of renewable energy policy regarding wind energy, the energy mix, and the offshore wind power utilisation on the wind power efficiency of the analysed countries.The results obtained reveal that the United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, and Ireland are the most efficient countries in terms of wind power investment. The inclusion of additional aspects demonstrates the greatest improvement of efficiency in Belgium, Cyprus, the Netherlands, Estonia and Germany.The results seem to indicate that economic instruments used within renewable energy policy have a positive effect on wind power efficiency, while policy support and regulatory instruments might negatively impact. Moreover, the results show that the energy mix explains the variation of the efficiency of the EU countries when their economic and environmental aspects are considered. The analysis of the geographic location indicates that countries with a high share of offshore wind capacity are the most efficient.
机译：该研究使用Simar and Wilson（2007）的两阶段偏差校正DEA方法来评估欧盟国家在2015年的风电投资方面的效率。输入变量集包括装机风电容量和平均风能功率密度，而输出变量包括风力发电和另外三个方面：环境，经济和能源安全。接下来，研究考察了可再生能源政策在风能，能源结构和海上风能利用方面对被分析国家的风能效率的影响，结果表明英国，瑞典，丹麦和爱尔兰在风电投资方面是最高效的国家。包括其他方面表明比利时，塞浦路斯，荷兰，爱沙尼亚和德国的效率有了最大的提高。结果似乎表明可再生能源政策中使用的经济手段对风电效率产生了积极影响，而政策支持和监管工具可能会产生负面影响。此外，结果表明，能源组合解释了欧盟国家在考虑其经济和环境因素时效率的变化。对地理位置的分析表明，离岸风能份额较高的国家是最高效的。

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