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Distributed solar and environmental justice: Exploring the demographic and socio-economic trends of residential PV adoption in California

机译：分布式太阳能和环境正义：探索加利福尼亚州采用住宅光伏的人口和社会经济趋势

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摘要

The rapid growth of distributed solar adoption in California provides an opportunity to lower electricity bills for the adopters and realize additional community benefits, including grid resilience and lower grid emissions. It is unclear, however, whether this transition is occurring equitably across the state's various demographic and socioeconomic groups and whether historically disadvantaged environmental justice (EJ) communities have been able to exploit the bill savings and other associated benefits of rooftop solar. Here we analyze the cumulative and annualized (spatial and temporal) rates of PV adoption across California and compare those with data from the state's cumulative impact EJ methodology (CalEnviroScreen). We find persistently lower levels of PV adoption in disadvantaged communities, suggesting clear distributive and equity impacts of existing PV support policies, and indicating that the benefits bypass some of the state's most vulnerable populations. The analysis reveals strong correlation of solar adoption with not only socioeconomic variables, but also with health, environmental and demographic indicators, contributing to our growing understanding of the role these factors play in household clean-energy adoption trends. The results provide a baseline from which to develop more effective policies, strategically design incentives, and track the efficacy of existing solar programs that target disadvantaged communities.
机译：加利福尼亚州分布式太阳能采用的快速增长提供了一个机会，可以为采用者降低电费并实现更多的社区利益，包括电网弹性和更低的电网排放。然而，目前尚不清楚这种转变是否在该州的各个人口和社会经济群体之间公平地发生，以及历史上处于不利地位的环境正义（EJ）社区是否已经能够利用节省的费用以及屋顶太阳能的其他相关收益。在这里，我们分析了加利福尼亚州的PV采收率的累积和年度化（时空），并将其与该州的累积影响EJ方法（CalEnviroScreen）中的数据进行比较。我们发现弱势社区的光伏采用率持续下降，这表明现有光伏支持政策具有明显的分配和公平影响，并表明收益绕过了该州一些最脆弱的人群。分析表明，太阳能的采用不仅与社会经济变量密切相关，而且与健康，环境和人口指标也具有很强的相关性，这有助于我们对这些因素在家庭清洁能源采用趋势中所扮演的角色的认识不断增强。结果为制定更有效的政策，从战略上设计激励措施以及跟踪针对弱势社区的现有太阳能计划的有效性提供了基准。

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