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Household demand for electricity: The role of market distortions and prices in competition policy

机译：家庭电力需求：市场扭曲和价格在竞争政策中的作用

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摘要

This paper examines residential demand for electricity in Sri Lanka using survey data collected over a five-year period between 2011 and 2015. The study finds that the major determinants of demand for residential electricity are the result of price or market distortions (i.e. subsidies), socioeconomic variables and energy saving technology. The effects of these variables are particularly relevant to competition policy. Estimated elasticities with respect to average price, subsidies under marginal cost pricing, subsidies under average cost pricing and income are found to be -0.015, 0.021, 0.036 and 0.046 respectively. We find that demand for electricity is inelastic and is categorised as a normal good. However, elasticities with respect to subsidy variables are found to be higher than the price variable. This implies, that under an increasing block rate system any price change used as a policy measure to control electricity consumption will not be effective. This is because price changes could alter the subsidy received by the consumer and therefore reverse the objective of the price change. Further, results of this study find that price and elasticities with respect to subsidy variables are relatively higher for low income groups while income elasticity is relatively larger for high income groups.
机译：本文使用2011年至2015年这5年间收集的调查数据对斯里兰卡的住宅用电需求进行了研究。研究发现，住宅用电需求的主要决定因素是价格或市场扭曲（即补贴）的结果，社会经济变量和节能技术。这些变量的影响与竞争政策特别相关。平均价格，边际成本定价下的补贴，平均成本定价下的补贴和收入的估计弹性分别为-0.015、0.021、0.036和0.046。我们发现电力需求缺乏弹性，被归类为正常商品。但是，发现补贴变量的弹性高于价格变量。这意味着，在不断提高的封包价制度下，任何用作控制电力消耗的政策措施的价格变化都是无效的。这是因为价格变化可能会改变消费者获得的补贴，从而改变价格变化的目标。此外，这项研究的结果发现，与补贴变量有关的价格和弹性在低收入人群中相对较高，而收入弹性在高收入人群中相对较大。

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