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The political economy of coal in Poland: Drivers and barriers for a shift away from fossil fuels

机译：波兰煤炭政治经济学：从化石燃料转移的司机和障碍

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摘要

Poland is the largest hard coal and second largest lignite producer in the EU, generating around 80 percent of its electricity from coal. Resistance to a reduction in coal production and consumption comes from various actors, namely, coal corporations, unions, parts of civil society and the government - as well as their coalitions. Their opposition centres around the prospect of losing their business, past negative experiences with structural change, fears of rising energy prices and energy security concerns, as well as potential unemployment in regions almost entirely dependent on coal.This paper identifies key political and economic drivers and barriers of a reduction in coal production and consumption in Poland using the Triple Embeddedness Framework. Uneconomic coal mining, unavoidable energy infrastructure investments, rising air pollution levels and pressure from the European Union might provide new political momentum for a shift away from coal in line with international climate targets. However, results show that to achieve political feasibility, policies targeting a reduction in coal production and use need to be implemented jointly with social and structural policy measures, addressing a just transition for the affected regions in line with the vision of a 'European Green Deal'.
机译：波兰是欧盟最大的煤炭和第二大褐煤生产商，从煤炭产生约80％的电力。抗煤炭生产和消费减少的抵抗来自各种演员，即煤炭公司，工会，民间社会的部分和政府 - 以及他们的联盟。他们的反对派中心围绕失去业务的前景，过去的消极经历结构变革，担心能源价格和能源安全问题上升的担忧，以及几乎完全依赖煤炭的地区的潜在失业。本文识别关键的政治和经济司机和使用三重嵌入式框架减少煤炭生产和消费量的障碍。不可经济的煤炭开采，不可避免的能源基础设施投资，欧盟的空气污染水平和压力上升可能会提供新的政治势头，以便与国际气候目标符合煤炭的转变。然而，结果表明，为了实现政治可行性，针对煤炭生产的政策和使用的政策需要与社会和结构政策措施共同实施，以符合“欧洲绿色交易”的愿景，为受影响的地区的愿望征求刚刚过渡'。

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