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Distributional effects of carbon pricing when considering household heterogeneity: An EASI application for Austria

机译：考虑家庭异质性时碳定价的分布效应：奥地利的EASI应用

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摘要

This paper studies the distributional impacts of a carbon tax in Austria and explores compensating measures to mitigate negative side effects. We extend previous studies by focussing on household heterogeneity, i.e. how housing attributes and socio-demographics govern a household's vulnerability to energy price increases. We apply the EASI demand system, which captures non-linear Engel curves and heterogeneous preferences; both crucial to estimate energy consumption. By simulating stylised, separate price increases we identify how seemingly overall similar welfare effects differ, depending on the energy good taxed, the region a household lives in, year of construction and household composition. These impact channels, with the severity of impacts differing according to various household characteristics are also reflected by the carbon tax scenario and reveal the importance of targeted support schemes. Although, each of the tested transfer schemes is able to enhance equality and cushion negative welfare effects, transfer schemes focussing on household size or on particular vulnerable population segments show the strongest effects in terms of equality, proportionality of the tax burden and welfare. Consequently, in order to yield a socially fair energy or carbon tax regime, taking household heterogeneity into account is essential.
机译：本文研究了奥地利碳税的分布影响，探讨了减轻负副作用的补偿措施。我们通过专注于家庭异质性来扩展以前的研究，即住房属性和社会人口统计学如何管理家庭对能源价格上涨的脆弱性。我们应用EASI需求系统，捕获非线性恩格尔曲线和异质偏好;估计能量消耗至关重要。通过模拟风格化，单独的价格增加，我们确定了似乎似乎的卓越效果如何不同，具体取决于征收的能源，该地区的建筑和家庭成分年份。这些影响渠道，根据各种家庭特征的影响的严重程度也被碳税方案反映并揭示了目标支持方案的重要性。虽然，每个测试的转移方案都能够增强平等和缓冲的负面福利效应，焦点对家庭规模或特定弱势群体段的转移方案表现出对税收负担和福利的平等，比例相等的最强烈影响。因此，为了产生社会公允的能源或碳税制，考虑到家庭异质性是必不可少的。

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