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U.S.climate policy and the regional economics of electricity generation

机译:美国的气候政策和区域发电经济学

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We examine the interaction between price competition and policy in four ISO markets by modeling the economic dispatch of generation technologies and the evolution of generation resources over a fifteen year period beginning in 2016. Using a representative range of forward prices for natural gas and other generator costs, we model three potential pathways for federal policy: (1) the status quo, which assumes no new federal initiatives through 2031; (2) moderate and aggressive (national or regional) RPSs; and (3) carbon taxes that vary in timing and amount. The model assesses the impact of these policies on competition between electricity generators using a range of output variables, including the cost of electricity, emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), retirement and construction trends for generation resources, and dispatch rates of generation technologies. We analyze conditions in four regional electricity markets with distinct starting generation portfolios, demand profiles (that differ seasonally and diurnally), wind and solar resources, and fuel costs. Our results provide new insights into the competitive barrier that low gas prices represent for renewables, the superior efficacy of carbon taxes (even at low rates) over RPSs, and the singular competitive advantage renewables enjoy by virtue of having near zero marginal costs.
机译:我们通过对自2016年开始的十五年内发电技术的经济调度和发电资源的演变进行建模,研究了四个ISO市场中价格竞争与政策之间的相互作用。使用天然气和其他发电机成本的代表性远期价格范围,我们对联邦政策的三种潜在途径进行了建模:(1)现状,假设到2031年没有新的联邦举措; (2)适度和积极的(国家或地区)RPS; (3)碳税的时间和金额各不相同。该模型使用一系列输出变量来评估这些政策对发电机之间竞争的影响,这些变量包括电力成本,二氧化碳排放量,发电资源的报废和建设趋势以及发电技术的分配率。我们分析了四个区域电力市场的情况,这些市场具有不同的初始发电量,需求概况(季节性和昼夜情况不同),风能和太阳能资源以及燃料成本。我们的结果提供了新的见解,以了解低汽油价格代表可再生能源的竞争壁垒,碳税(即使是低税率)优于RPS的优越功效,以及可再生能源因边际成本接近零而享有的独特竞争优势。

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