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Impact of electricity deregulation in the state of California

机译：电力管制放松对加利福尼亚州的影响

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摘要

The electric industry started as a natural monopoly and was regulated to protect the customers from high prices. Electricity deregulation was expected to reduce prices by introducing competitive markets. Every country or state implementing deregulation has gone through a unique experience. In this paper, the impact of electricity deregulation in the state of California is addressed by first examining historical retail prices, and second by developing a model to estimate the grid marginal costs using historical data. Results show that, although some customers pay lower rates today, the average customer does not pay a lower rate due to deregulation. Moreover, the results of the modeling show that the wholesale prices realized were higher than the marginal cost associated with the grid. Impacts of improved grid management are discussed along with transmission investments, market operator start-up and operation costs, energy and environmental goals, advances in technology on electricity prices, and the impact of deregulation on these factors.
机译：电气行业起初是自然垄断，并受到监管以保护客户免受高价影响。放松电力管制有望通过引入竞争性市场来降低价格。每个实施放松管制的国家或州都经历了独特的经历。在本文中，首先通过检查历史零售价格，然后通过开发使用历史数据估算电网边际成本的模型来解决加州解除电力管制的影响。结果表明，尽管今天有些客户支付较低的价格，但由于放松管制，普通客户并未支付较低的价格。此外，建模结果表明，实现的批发价格高于与网格相关的边际成本。讨论了改进的电网管理的影响以及输电投资，市场运营商的启动和运营成本，能源和环境目标，技术进步对电价的影响以及放松管制对这些因素的影响。

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