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Exploring the macro-scale CO2 mitigation potential of photovoltaics and wind energy in Europe's energy transition

机译：探索欧洲能源转型中光伏和风能的宏观CO2减排潜力

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Replacing traditional technologies by renewables can lead to an increase of emissions during early diffusion stages if the emissions avoided during the use phase are exceeded by those associated with the deployment of new units. Based on historical developments and on counterfactual scenarios in which we assume that selected renewable technologies did not diffuse, we conclude that onshore and offshore wind energy have had a positive contribution to climate change mitigation since the beginning of their diffusion in EU27. In contrast, photovoltaic panels did not pay off from an environmental standpoint until very recently, since the benefits expected at the individual plant level were offset until 2013 by the CO2 emissions related to the construction and deployment of the next generation of panels. Considering the varied energy mixes and penetration rates of renewable energies in different areas, several countries can experience similar time gaps between the installation of the first renewable power plants and the moment in which the emissions from their infrastructure are offset.
机译：如果在使用阶段避免的排放量超过了与部署新装置有关的排放量，则用可再生能源替代传统技术会导致扩散初期排放量的增加。根据历史发展和事实假设（假设某些可再生技术未扩散），我们得出结论，自从欧盟和欧盟27开始扩散以来，陆上和海上风能对减缓气候变化具有积极作用。相反，直到最近，光伏板才从环保的角度获得回报，因为单个工厂级别的预期收益在2013年之前被与下一代板的建设和部署相关的二氧化碳排放所抵消。考虑到不同地区不同能源组合和可再生能源的渗透率，一些国家在首批可再生能源电厂的安装与抵消其基础设施排放的时刻之间会经历类似的时间间隔。

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