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Assessing environmental performance in the European Union: Ecoinnovation versus catching-up

机译：评估欧盟的环境绩效：生态创新与追赶

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This paper assesses environmental performance in the European Union (EU) using Luenberger productivity indicators, directional distance functions and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques. It considers four indicators of the pressures exerted by economic activity on the environment: global warming, tropospheric ozone formation, acidification and particulate formation. The change in environmental performance from the early 2000s onwards is decomposed at the levels of country and environmental pressure, and as the result of eco-innovations and catching-up with the best available environmental technologies; furthermore, we distinguish between the periods of economic growth (2001-07) and severe crisis (2007-13). Our main finding is that environmental performance improved in both periods, mainly fuelled by advances in environmental technology. Accordingly, environmental policies aimed at boosting catching-up are highly recommended, particularly in the newer member states that joined the EU from 2004 onwards, which perform further away from their respective environmental technological frontiers. In addition, re-establishing the pre-crisis ecoinnovation investment levels would also be highly advisable in order to return to the rates of environmental technical progress registered in the expansion period.
机译：本文使用Luenberger生产率指标，方向距离函数和数据包络分析技术评估了欧盟的环境绩效。它考虑了经济活动对环境施加的压力的四个指标：全球变暖，对流层臭氧形成，酸化和颗粒形成。从2000年代初开始，环境绩效的变化在国家和环境压力的水平上被分解，并且是生态创新和追赶最先进的环境技术的结果；此外，我们区分了经济增长时期（2001-07）和严重危机时期（2007-13）。我们的主要发现是，这两个时期的环境绩效都有所改善，这主要得益于环境技术的进步。因此，强烈建议采取旨在促进赶超的环境政策，特别是在2004年以后加入欧盟的较新成员国中，其执行情况远远超出了各自的环境技术领域。此外，强烈建议重新建立危机前的生态创新投资水平，以恢复扩张期登记的环境技术进步率。

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