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The politics of renewable energy trade: The US-China solar dispute

机译：可再生能源贸易的政治：中美太阳能争端

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摘要

The Chinese and US governments played significant roles in the development of renewable energy industries, seeing them as key growth sectors and crucial to addressing climate change. While the US and China cooperated in renewable energy development, since 2011 the countries have engaged in a protracted and major trade dispute in the solar photovoltaics industry. We propose that the US government's decision to impose, and then expand, tariffs on a number of Chinese solar producers can be explained though a model of coalitional politics, drawing on Actor-Centered Institutionalism and the Advocacy Coalition Framework. We show that a coalition of domestic manufacturers and congressional interests formed a protectionist coalition that utilized US trade law to their advantage. In doing so they sidelined a free trade coalition representing the majority of US solar photovoltaic firms. The institutional design of US trade law also facilitated the successful application of trade remedies. Our analysis suggests that the domestic politics of renewable energy trade make trade conflicts a likely outcome, leaving limited scope for policy to carefully manage the trade-off between protecting parts of manufacturing through tariffs and lowering the cost of renewable energy technologies to mitigate climate change.
机译：中美两国政府在可再生能源产业的发展中发挥了重要作用，将其视为关键的增长部门，对应对气候变化至关重要。在中美两国在可再生能源发展方面进行合作的同时，自2011年以来，这些国家在太阳能光伏产业中陷入了旷日持久的重大贸易争端。我们建议，可以通过以演员为中心的制度主义和倡导联盟框架为基础的联合政治模型，来解释美国政府对许多中国太阳能生产商征收然后扩大关税的决定。我们表明，由国内制造商和国会利益组成的联盟形成了一个保护主义联盟，该联盟利用美国贸易法为其带来了优势。在这样做的过程中，他们在自由贸易联盟中处于劣势，该联盟代表了大多数美国太阳能光伏公司。美国贸易法的制度设计也促进了贸易救济的成功应用。我们的分析表明，可再生能源贸易的国内政治使贸易冲突成为可能的结果，从而使政策范围有限，无法谨慎地管理通过关税保护部分制造业与降低可再生能源技术成本以缓解气候变化之间的权衡。

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