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Emergent patterns and processes in urban hydrocarbon governance

机译：城市碳氢化合物治理中的新兴模式和过程

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Beginning in the 2000s, the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan region became home to the world's largest and longest experiment in urban shale gas production, with 25,182 drilling permits issued from 2000 to 2016 in the Barnett Shale. Urban hydrocarbon governance centered on establishing statutory setback distances between drilling sites and nearest houses or other protected uses. Here we analyze qualitative interview data obtained with a rigorous sampling frame to examine processes and outcomes of municipal-level hydrocarbon governance. We find that early municipal responses (2001-2002) revealed lack of technical expertise to respond to unconventional drilling and production. Controversial wells, which residents considered too close to houses, focused governance debates in several municipalities. Municipal policymakers reported that protecting public health and safety were top priorities in determining setbacks. After 2003, policymakers copied ordinance language from neighboring municipalities and established task forces and working groups to reduce political tensions. The role of the hydrocarbon industry included frequent claims seeking to exploit the longstanding separation of mineral and property estates, which encouraged municipalities to reduce setbacks and lower potential exposure to regulatory takings lawsuits. Over time, municipal regulatory power in hydrocarbon governance decreased while industry power increased, offering several implications for corporate responsibility and social license debates.
机译：从2000年代开始，达拉斯-沃思堡都会区成为世界上最大，最长的城市页岩气生产实验的所在地，从2000年至2016年在巴内特页岩区获得了25,182钻探许可。城市碳氢化合物治理的重点是确定钻探场所与最近的房屋或其他受保护用途之间的法定退让距离。在这里，我们分析了使用严格的抽样框架获得的定性访谈数据，以检查市政级碳氢化合物治理的过程和结果。我们发现，早期的市政响应（2001-2002年）表明缺乏应对非常规钻井和生产的技术专长。居民认为离住宅太近的有争议的水井集中了几个城市的治理辩论。市政政策制定者报告说，保护公众健康和安全是确定挫折的重中之重。 2003年之后，政策制定者从邻近的市政当局复制了条例语言，并成立了工作组和工作组以减轻政治紧张局势。碳氢化合物行业的作用包括经常要求寻求利用矿产和财产区的长期分离，这鼓励了市政当局减少挫折并降低受到监管诉讼的可能性。随着时间的流逝，市政治理在碳氢化合物治理方面的权力下降，而工业实力在增强，这为企业责任和社会许可辩论提供了多种含义。

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