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Solar energy storage in German households: profitability, load changes and flexibility

机译：德国家庭的太阳能存储：盈利能力，负荷变化和灵活性

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The developments of battery storage technology together with photovoltaic (PV) roof-top systems might lead to far-reaching changes in the electricity demand structures and flexibility of households. The implications are supposed to affect the generation mix of utilities, distribution grid utilization, and electricity price. Using a techno-economic optimization model of a household system, we endogenously dimension PV system and stationary battery storage (SBS). The results of the reference scenario show positive net present values (NPV) for PV systems of approx. 500-1,800 EUR/kW(p) and NPV for SBS of approx. 150-500 EUR/kWh. Main influences are the demand of the households, self-consumption rates, investment costs, and electricity prices. We integrate electric vehicles (EV) with different charging strategies and find increasing NPV of the PV system and self-consumption of approx. 70%. With further declining system prices for solar energy storage and increasing electricity prices, PV systems and SBS can be profitable in Germany from 2018 on even without a guaranteed feed-in tariff or subsidies. Grid utilization substantially changes by households with EV and PV-SBS. We discuss effects of different incentives and electricity tariff options (e.g. load limits or additional demand charges). Concluding, solar energy storage systems will bring substantial changes to electricity sales. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：电池存储技术以及光伏（PV）屋顶系统的发展可能导致电力需求结构和家庭灵活性的深刻变化。这些影响可能会影响公用事业的发电结构，配电网利用率和电价。使用家用系统的技术经济优化模型，我们对光伏系统和固定电池存储（SBS）进行了内生标注。参考方案的结果显示，PV系统的正净现值（NPV）约为1。 SBS的NPV约为500-1,800 EUR / kW（p） 150-500 EUR / kWh。主要影响因素是家庭需求，自用率，投资成本和电价。我们将具有不同充电策略的电动汽车（EV）集成在一起，发现PV系统的NPV不断增加，并且自耗电量大约为。 70％。随着太阳能存储系统价格的进一步下降和电价的上涨，即使没有保证的上网电价或补贴，光伏系统和SBS也将从2018年开始在德国获利。拥有EV和PV-SBS的家庭的电网利用率将发生巨大变化。我们讨论了不同的激励措施和电价选项（例如负荷限制或额外的需求费用）的影响。最后，太阳能存储系统将给电力销售带来实质性的变化。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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