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Reallocating risks and returns to scale up adoption of distributed electricity resources

机译：重新分配风险和回报，以扩大对分布式电力资源的利用

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摘要

Deployment of distributed electricity resources requires bringing together assets that belong to diverse and geographically diffuse owners. Using the example of distributed solar PV, we analyze the schemes used to encourage/induce owners of distributed assets to make them available for electricity generation. The dominant model in the U.S. is long term power purchase agreements (PPA) offered to owners/ consumers by solar developers. We show that these agreements (mis)allocate the electricity price risk to owners/consumers and impose limitations on the scale up of distributed solar. By proper use of financial markets it is possible to shift the electricity price risk from owners/consumers to parties that are better positioned to manage it. The proposed contracts simplify the adoption decision for owners/consumers and can lead to a wider adoption. Removing barriers to scale up requires (ⅰ) eliminating the tight coupling between consumers and owners and (ⅱ) rewarding the owners unambiguously for the assets they provide. These necessitate the transformation of the current intermediary firms into full-fledged distributed generators. We discuss the implications of such a transformation and argue that the broad outline of our analysis can be used to assess scale up schemes in other domains of distributed electricity resources as well.
机译：部署分布式电力资源需要将属于不同地理位置分散所有者的资产汇集在一起​​。以分布式太阳能光伏发电为例，我们分析了鼓励/诱使分布式资产所有者使其可用于发电的方案。在美国，主要的模式是太阳能开发商向业主/消费者提供的长期购电协议（PPA）。我们表明，这些协议（错误）将电价风险分配给了所有者/消费者，并对分布式太阳能的规模施加了限制。通过正确使用金融市场，可以将电价风险从所有者/消费者转移到更易于管理的各方。拟议合同简化了所有者/消费者的采用决定，并可能导致更广泛的采用。消除扩大规模的障碍需要（ⅰ）消除消费者与所有者之间的紧密联系，以及（ⅱ）明确奖励所有者所提供的资产。这些都需要将当前的中介公司转变为成熟的分布式发电商。我们讨论了这种转变的含义，并认为我们的分析概述可用于评估分布式电力资源其他领域中的扩展方案。

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