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Cardiovascular disease-risk benefits of clean fuel technology and policy: A statistical analysis

机译：清洁燃料技术和政策对心血管疾病的益处：统计分析

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摘要

The hypothesis of this study is that there is a statistical relationship between the cardiovascular disease mortality rate and the intensity of fuel consumption (measured in gallons/square mile) at a particular location. We estimate cross-sectional regressions of the mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease against the intensity of fuel consumption using local data for the entire US, before the US Clean Air Act (CAA) in 1974 and after the most recent policy revisions in 2004. The cardiovascular disease rate improvement estimate suggests that up to 60 cardiovascular disease deaths per 100,000 residents are avoided in the largest urban areas with highest fuel consumption per square mile. In New York City, for instance, the mortality reduction may be worth about $30.3 billion annually. Across the US, the estimated Value of Statistical Life (VSL) benefit is $202.7 billion annually. There are likely three inseparable reasons that contributed importantly to this welfare improvement. First, the CAA regulations banned leaded gasoline, and mandated reduction in specific chemicals and smog components. Second, technologies sueh as the Catalytic Converter (CC) for the automobile and the low particulate diesel engine were adopted. Third, biofuels have had important roles, making the adoption of clean air technology possible and substituting for high emission fuels.
机译：这项研究的假设是，在特定地点，心血管疾病死亡率与燃料消耗强度（以加仑/平方英里为单位）之间存在统计关系。我们使用1974年美国《清洁空气法》（CAA）之前和2004年最新政策修订后的整个美国本地数据，估算了因心血管疾病导致的死亡率相对于燃料消耗强度的横断面回归。心血管疾病发生率的改善估计值表明，在最大的城市地区（每平方英里的燃油消耗最高），每10万居民中避免了60例心血管疾病的死亡。例如，在纽约，每年减少的死亡率可能价值约303亿美元。在美国各地，“统计生命”（VSL）收益估计为每年2027亿美元。可能有三个不可分割的原因对这种福利的改善做出了重要贡献。首先，CAA法规禁止使用含铅汽油，并要求减少特定的化学物质和烟雾成分。其次，采用了作为汽车和低颗粒柴油发动机的催化转化器（CC）的技术。第三，生物燃料发挥了重要作用，使采用清洁空气技术成为可能，并替代了高排放燃料。

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  • 来源
    《Energy Policy》 |2010年第2期|1210-1222|共13页
  • 作者

    Paul Gallagher; William Lazarus; Hosein Shapouri; Roger Conway; Fantu Bachewe; Amelia Fischer;

  • 作者单位

    Economics Department, 481 Heady Hall, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011, USA;

    Applied Economics Department, 253 COB, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA;

    Office of Energy Policy & New Uses, 400 Independence Avenue, SW (Rm.4059 So. Bldg), United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA;

    Office of Energy Policy & New Uses, 400 Independence Avenue, SW (Rm.4059 So. Bldg), United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA;

    Applied Economics Department, 253 COB, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA;

    Economics Department, 481 Heady Hall, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    clean fuel regulation and technology; health benefits; biofuels;

    机译：清洁燃料法规和技术;对健康的益处;生物燃料;

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