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首页> 外文期刊>Energy Policy >The forbidden fuel: Charcoal, urban woodfuel demand and supply dynamics, community forest management and woodfuel policy in Malawi
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The forbidden fuel: Charcoal, urban woodfuel demand and supply dynamics, community forest management and woodfuel policy in Malawi

机译：禁止使用的燃料：马拉维的木炭，城市木质燃料的供需动态，社区森林管理和木质燃料政策

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摘要

This article examines woodfuel policy challenges and opportunities in Malawi two decades after woodfuel-crisis narratives and counter-narratives. A nuanced examination of woodfuel supply, demand, use, and markets illuminated options to turn stagnant policies based on charcoal 'bans' and fuel-substitution into proactive, realistic ones acknowledging woodfuel dominance and its socio-economic importance. Findings revealed growing, spatially differentiated woodfuel deficits in southern and central Malawi and around Blantyre, Zomba and Lilongwe cities. Poverty, limited electricity access, reliability and generation exacerbated by tariff subsidies, and complex fuel-allocation decisions restricted energy-ladder transitions from woodfuels to electricity, producing an enduring urban-energy mix dominated by charcoal, thereby increasing wood consumption. Diverse socio-political interests prevented lifting of the charcoal 'ban' despite progressive forest laws. Despite implementation challenges, lessons already learnt, efficiency and poverty-reduction arguments, limited government capacity, growing illegal production of charcoal in forest reserves, and its staying power, make targeted community-based forest management (CBFM) approaches more practical for regulated, commercial production of woodfuels than the status quo. New differentiated policies should include commercial woodfuel production and licensing for revenue and ecological sustainability under CBFM or concessions within and outside selected reserves, an enterprise-based approaches for poverty reduction, smallholder/private tree-growing, woodfuel-energy conserving technologies, improved electricity supply and agricultural productivity.
机译：本文探讨了木质燃料危机叙事和反叙事后的二十年，马拉维的木质燃料政策挑战和机遇。对木质燃料的供应，需求，使用和市场进行了细致入微的考察，为将基于木炭“禁令”和燃料替代的停滞政策转变为积极主动，现实的政策，承认木质燃料的主导地位及其社会经济重要性提供了多种选择。调查结果显示，马拉维南部和中部以及布兰太尔，松巴和利隆圭等城市附近，在空间上存在差异的木材燃料赤字正在增长。贫困，有限的电力供应，可靠性和发电量（由于关税补贴而加剧）以及复杂的燃料分配决定限制了能源阶梯从木材燃料向电力的过渡，从而产生了以木炭为主的持久的城市能源结构，从而增加了木材消耗。尽管森林法律不断进步，但多样的社会政治利益阻止了取消木炭“禁令”。尽管存在实施方面的挑战，但已经汲取的经验教训，效率和减贫论据，政府能力有限，森林保护区非法生产木炭的行为及其持久力，使有针对性的基于社区的森林管理（CBFM）方法对于受管制的商业化更为实用。木材燃料的生产要比现状多。新的差异化政策应包括商业木材燃料的生产以及CBFM下收入和生态可持续性的许可或选定保护区内外的特许权，基于企业的减贫方法，小农/私人树木种植，木材燃料节能技术，改善的电力供应和农业生产力。

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  • 来源
    《Energy Policy》 |2010年第7期|P.3717-3730|共14页
  • 作者

    Leo Charles Zulu;

  • 作者单位

    Michigan State University, Department of Geography, 103 Geography Building, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    woodfuel; community-based forest management; Malawi;

    机译：木质燃料社区森林管理;马拉维;

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