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The potential role of hydrogen energy in India and Western Europe

机译：氢能在印度和西欧的潜在作用

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We used the TIMER energy model to explore the potential role of hydrogen in the energy systems of India and Western Europe, looking at the impacts on its main incentives: climate policy, energy security and urban air pollution. We found that hydrogen will not play a major role in both regions without considerable cost reductions, mainly in fuel cell technology. Also, energy taxation policy is essential for hydrogen penetration and India's lower energy taxes limit India's capacity to favour hydrogen. Once available to the (European) energy system, hydrogen can decrease the cost of CO_2 emission reduction by increasing the potential for carbon capture technology. However, climate policy alone is insufficient to speed up the transition. Hydrogen diversifies energy imports; especially for Europe it decreases oil imports, while increasing imports of coal and natural gas. For India, it provides an opportunity to decrease oil imports and use indigenous coal resources in the transport sector. Hydrogen improves urban air quality by shifting emissions from urban transport to hydrogen production facilities. However, for total net emissions we found a sensitive trade-off between lower emissions at end-use (in transport) and higher emissions from hydrogen production, depending on local policy for hydrogen production facilities.
机译：我们使用TIMER能源模型来研究氢在印度和西欧能源系统中的潜在作用，并考察其主要诱因的影响：气候政策，能源安全和城市空气污染。我们发现，如果不大幅度降低成本（主要是在燃料电池技术方面），氢气将不会在两个地区都扮演主要角色。此外，能源税收政策对于氢的渗透至关重要，而印度较低的能源税限制了印度偏爱氢的能力。一旦可用于（欧洲）能源系统，氢气可以通过增加碳捕获技术的潜力来降低CO_2减排的成本。但是，仅靠气候政策不足以加速过渡。氢使能源进口多样化；特别是在欧洲，它减少了石油进口，同时增加了煤炭和天然气的进口。对于印度来说，它提供了减少石油进口并在运输部门使用本地煤炭资源的机会。氢气通过将排放物从城市交通转移到氢气生产设施来改善城市空气质量。但是，对于总净排放量，我们发现最终使用（运输中）的较低排放量与制氢的较高排放量之间存在敏感的权衡，这取决于制氢设施的当地政策。

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