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New Technology And Possible Advances In Energy Storage

机译：储能新技术和可能的进展

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摘要

Energy storage technologies may be electrical or thermal. Electrical energy stores have an electrical input and output to connect them to the system of which they form part, while thermal stores have a thermal input and output. The principal electrical energy storage technologies described are electrochemical systems (batteries and flow cells), kinetic energy storage (flywheels) and potential energy storage, in the form of pumped hydro and compressed air. Complementary thermal storage technologies include those based on the sensible and latent heat capacity of materials, which include bulk and smaller-capacity hot and cold water storage systems, ice storage, phase change materials and specific bespoke thermal storage media. For the majority of the storage technologies considered here, the potential for fundamental step changes in performance is limited. For electrochemical systems, basic chemistry suggests that lithium-based technologies represent the pinnacle of cell development. This means that the greatest potential for technological advances probably lies in the incremental development of existing technologies, facilitated by advances in materials science, engineering, processing and fabrication. These considerations are applicable to both electrical and thermal storage. Such incremental developments in the core storage technologies are likely to be complemented and supported by advances in systems integration and engineering. Future energy storage technologies may be expected to offer improved energy and power densities, although, in practice, gains in reliability, longevity, cycle life expectancy and cost may be more significant than increases in energy/powerdensity per se.
机译：能量存储技术可以是电的或热的。电能存储器具有电输入和输出，以将其连接至其组成部分的系统，而热量存储器具有热输入和输出。所描述的主要电能存储技术是电化学系统（电池和流通池），动能存储（飞轮）和势能存储，形式为抽水和压缩空气。补充性储热技术包括基于材料的显热和潜热技术的技术，包括大容量和小容量的冷热水存储系统，储冰，相变材料和特定的定制储热介质。对于此处考虑的大多数存储技术，性能基本变化的潜力是有限的。对于电化学系统，基础化学表明锂基技术代表了细胞发展的顶峰。这意味着技术进步的最大潜力可能在于现有技术的逐步发展，这得益于材料科学，工程，加工和制造领域的进步。这些注意事项适用于蓄电和蓄热。核心存储技术的这种渐进式发展很可能会得到系统集成和工程技术进步的补充和支持。未来的储能技术有望提供更高的能源和功率密度，尽管在实践中，可靠性，寿命，循环寿命预期和成本方面的收益可能比能源/功率密度本身的提高更为重要。

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