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Global economic effects of changes in crops, pasture, and forests due to changing climate, carbon dioxide, and ozone

机译:气候,二氧化碳和臭氧变化导致的作物,牧场和森林变化对全球经济的影响

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摘要

Multiple environmental changes will have consequences for global vegetation. To the extent that crop yields and pasture and forest productivity are affected, there can be important economic consequences. We examine the combined effects of changes in climate, increases in carbon dioxide (CO_2), and changes in tropospheric ozone on crop, pasture, and forest lands and the consequences for the global and regional economies. We examine scenarios where there is limited or little effort to control these substances, and policy scenarios that limit emissions of CO_2 and ozone precursors. We find the effects of climate and CO_2 to be generally positive, and the effects of ozone to be very detrimental. Unless ozone is strongly controlled, damage could offset CO_2 and climate benefits. We find that resource allocation among sectors in the economy, and trade among countries, can strongly affect the estimate of economic effect in a country.
机译:多种环境变化将对全球植被产生影响。在一定程度上影响农作物的产量,牧场和森林生产力的情况下,可能会产生重大的经济后果。我们研究了气候变化,二氧化碳(CO_2)增加以及对流层臭氧变化对作物,牧场和林地的综合影响,以及对全球和区域经济的影响。我们研究了控制这些物质的努力很少或很少的情景,以及限制CO_2和臭氧前体排放的政策情景。我们发现气候和CO_2的影响总体上是积极的,而臭氧的影响则非常有害。除非严格控制臭氧,否则损害可能抵消CO_2和气候效益。我们发现,经济部门之间的资源分配以及国家之间的贸易会严重影响一个国家的经济效果估计。

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