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Environmental considerations in energy planning for the Amazon region: Downstream effects of dams

机译：亚马逊地区能源规划中的环境因素：大坝的下游影响

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摘要

The most salient current feature of the electric energy sector in Brazil is the pressing need for expansion. In this context, the hydroelectric resources of the Amazon region are considered a competitive alternative despite the structural problems they entail. These include reliance of new investments and environmental restrictions. Concerning the latter, plans to build large-scale dams in the region have drawn criticism mainly on account of the loss of forest cover in areas flooded by dam reservoirs and the conflicts concerning the relocation of indigenous and riverside communities in the region. This article seeks to contribute to better understanding of the environmental issue in the Amazon by focusing attention on the downstream effects of dams, which have large-scale, hitherto neglected ecological repercussions. The impact of dams extends well beyond the area surrounding the artificial lakes they create, harming rich Amazon wetland ecosystems. The morphology of dammed rivers changes in response to new inputs of energy and matter, which may in turn destroy certain biotopes. This is a remote-sensing-based case study of the Tucurui hydroelectric scheme in the Amazon state of Para. Attention is drawn to the need to take into account effects on alluvial rivers downstream from hydroelectric power plants when it comes to making planning decisions, as part of a sustainable energy policy.
机译：巴西电力行业当前最突出的特点是迫切需要扩展。在这种情况下，尽管亚马逊地区的水力资源存在结构性问题，但仍被视为具有竞争力的替代方案。这些包括对新投资的依赖和环境限制。关于后者，在该地区建造大型水坝的计划引起了批评，主要是由于在水坝水库淹没的地区森林覆盖率下降，以及该地区土著和河沿社区的迁移冲突。本文旨在通过将注意力集中在水坝对下游的影响上，以更好地理解亚马逊地区的环境问题，因为水坝具有大规模的，迄今被忽视的生态影响。水坝的影响远远超出了它们所创造的人工湖周围的区域，从而损害了亚马逊丰富的湿地生态系统。受阻的河流的形态随着能量和物质的新输入而变化，这反过来又可能破坏某些生物群落。这是对帕拉州亚马逊州图库鲁伊水电计划的基于遥感的案例研究。作为可持续能源政策的一部分，提请注意在制定计划决策时必须考虑对水力发电厂下游冲积河的影响。

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