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Deregulation of ESI and privatization of state electric utilities in Thailand

机译：放松对ESI的管制以及泰国国家电力公司的私有化

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In Thailand, electric supply services have all been taken over by the state and operated under state enterprises since 1968. Under a law empowering its monopoly, state utilities accumulated assets and built up their manpower to expand and operate the power system to serve the whole country. During the time of high growth in power demand in early the 1990 s, the government initiated a move to privatize state electric utilities, the pace of which was firmed up after 1997, the year of the financial crash. Engagement of independent power producers (IPPs) through the use of long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs) for supply of electric power into the system operated by state electric utilities was also initiated from the mid 1990s. Total capacity of IPPs and Small Power Producers (SPPs) that sell excess power from cogeneration on to the system) rose and by the late 1990s started to create a constraint on system economic dispatch. In 1999 the National Energy Policy Council (NEPC) approved a recommendation of international consultants to transform the electric supply industry into a structure similar to the system in the United Kingdom. The transformation was proposed to precede corporatization and privatization of state electric utilities. The objectives of deregulation were to revoke the monopoly in ESI, to improve transparency in electricity pricing, to reduce debts of state enterprises, and to improve economic efficiency. Industry participants have voiced strong objection to the industry model proposed. With the change of market structure in UK to the New Electricity Trading Arrangement (NETA), the secretariat of NEPC also proposed a new structure similar to NETA. More acceptance from industry participants have been received for the new structure. However, it has been assumed that the proposed structure would bring improvement in system reliability, drawing investment into power generation in a manner that would be efficient. Tariff has also been expected to become lower because of the competition in power generation and retail trading. The authors argue that, for developing countries, issues of timely investment in new generation and delivery capacity, stable and reasonable price of electricity, reliability of power supply, fuel diversity and security, equitable access of supply and promotion of social equity are important. Maintaining a functioning ESI that meet the broad objectives of providing reliable power supply to serve social and economic development needs could be prioritized over introduction of complete competition in wholesale generation and retailing. The authors examine the present situation of the industry and propose a transitional model that would serve the broad objectives and introduce gradual competition in the industry. The proposed design would unbundle generation from transmission and retailing. It would aso eventually promote intra-regional interconnection and electricity trading.
机译：自1968年以来，泰国的电力供应服务已全部由国家接管，并由国有企业经营。根据赋予其垄断权的法律，国家公用事业积累了资产并积累了人力，以扩展和运营为全国服务的电力系统。在1990年代初期电力需求快速增长的时期，政府开始采取行动将国有电力公司私有化，这一步伐在1997年金融危机那年之后得到了巩固。从1990年代中期开始，也开始通过使用长期电力购买协议（PPA）向国家电力公司运营的系统提供电力来从事独立电力生产商（IPP）的活动。从热电联产向系统出售多余电力的IPP和小电力生产商（SPP）的总容量增加了，到1990年代后期开始对系统经济调度产生了限制。 1999年，国家能源政策委员会（NEPC）批准了国际顾问的建议，以将供电行业转变为类似于英国系统的结构。提出了在国家电力公司进行公司化和私有化之前进行的转换。放松管制的目的是取消对ESI的垄断，提高电价的透明度，减少国有企业的债务，并提高经济效率。业内人士对拟议的行业模式表示强烈反对。随着英国市场结构向新电力交易安排（NETA）的转变，NEPC秘书处也提出了类似于NETA的新结构。对于新结构，已经收到了业界参与者的更多认可。然而，已经假定所提出的结构将带来系统可靠性的改善，以有效的方式将投资吸引到发电中。由于发电和零售贸易的竞争，预计关税也将降低。作者认为，对于发展中国家而言，及时投资于新一代发电和输电能力，稳定和合理的电价，电力供应的可靠性，燃料的多样性和安全性，供应的公平获取和促进社会平等等问题很重要。保持运行正常的ESI以满足提供可靠的电源以满足社会和经济发展需求的广泛目标，可以优先考虑在批发发电和零售中引入完全竞争。作者研究了该行业的现状，并提出了一个过渡模型，该模型可用于广泛的目标并引入该行业的逐步竞争。拟议的设计将使传输和零售的产生束缚。它将最终促进区域内部的互联互通和电力交易。

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