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Infrastructure, rural electrification and development

机译：基础设施，农村电气化与发展

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摘要

Recent interest in rural electrification has emphasised the importance of linking its development with productive uses for energy and poverty reduction. This has been viewed as necessary to increase the pace of rural electrification and reduce its concentration on a relatively small number of developing countries. Despite this emphasis, progress in electrifying remote rural areas has been slow. In part this has been attributed to the emphasis on cost recovery and a reliance on the private sector to deliver electricity widely. This paper reviews the literature on the role and relation of infrastructure, particularly infrastructure in rural areas, to economic growth and development. It reviews the focus on poverty reduction by the major international development agencies and examines the arguments for increasing rural incomes. It critically reviews the economic and social issues underlying the development of rural electrification, drawing on the experience with both grid and off-grid applications in developing countries and assesses the impact of electrification on the ability to generate income in rural areas. Conclusions are drawn in relation to the beneficiaries of rural electrification, the constraints that are faced in stimulating economic activity that will contribute to making rural electrification more feasible and affordable and to the importance of complementary services and appropriate institutions to support rural electrification.
机译：最近对农村电气化的兴趣强调了将其发展与生产性用途联系起来以减少能源和贫困的重要性。人们认为，这是加快农村电气化步伐并减少其集中在相对少数发展中国家的必要条件。尽管强调了这一点，但偏远农村地区的电气化进展缓慢。在某种程度上，这归因于对成本回收的重视以及对私营部门广泛供电的依赖。本文回顾了有关基础设施（尤其是农村地区的基础设施）对经济增长和发展的作用和关系的文献。它回顾了主要国际发展机构对减贫的关注，并考察了增加农村收入的论点。它借鉴了发展中国家在电网和离网应用方面的经验，严格审查了农村电气化发展背后的经济和社会问题，并评估了电气化对农村地区创收能力的影响。结论涉及农村电气化的受益者，刺激经济活动所面临的制约因素，这些因素将有助于使农村电气化更加可行和负担得起，并且对补充服务和适当机构支持农村电气化的重要性也具有重要意义。

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