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Investigations of heat extraction for water and CO_2 flow based on the rough-walled discrete fracture network

机译：基于粗糙壁离散裂缝网络的水和CO_2流热采研究

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The Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) has been developed to enhance geothermal energy extraction efficiency from geothermal reservoirs by generating effective fracture network. The fracture effective network that are comprised by rough-walled fractures can provide a more realistic reflection of natural reservoir conditions. This study focuses on the construction of a rough-walled discrete fracture model to simulate mass and heat transfer in a geothermal reservoir by using water and CO_2 as the working fluid. The thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) coupling process was integrated into the rough-walled discrete fracture network model. The heat mining processes with two working fluids (water and CO2) were simulated with the parallel-plate and rough-walled discrete facture network models. The influences of the parallel and rough-walled discrete fracture network models on flow behaviours, heat transfer and corresponding mechanical responses for water and CO_2 were presented and analysed. What's more, the heat extraction efficiency based on the combination of rough-walled discrete fracture network and the THM method were calculated and analysed in details. The influences of pressure, temperature, fluids and reservoir rock properties on heat extraction rates were also considered. It is found that CO_2 leads to faster pressure changes compared with water in both parallel-plate and rough-walled discrete fracture network models. The influences of the pressure and temperature distributions on the permeability and normal stress were also evaluated, which contribute to the investigation of the deforming mechanisms of the rock matrix and fractures. In addition, there are certain differences in the heat production rate between the parallel-plate and rough-walled discrete fracture networks, which reflects that the rough-walled discrete fracture network used in this study has a better conductivity. It is also found that water can be a more efficient working fluid for heat extraction from geothermal reservoirs compared with CO_2 during certain production durations in this study. The results of this study present that the rough-walled discrete network model has a great significance in the simulation of the real conditions and processes in geothermal reservoirs during the heat mining process.
机译：增强型地热系统（EGS）的开发旨在通过产生有效的裂缝网络来提高地热储层的地热能提取效率。由粗糙壁裂缝组成的裂缝有效网络可以更自然地反映自然油藏状况。这项研究的重点是构建一个粗糙的离散裂缝模型，以水和CO_2作为工作流体来模拟地热储层中的传质和传热。将热-液压-机械（THM）耦合过程集成到粗糙壁离散裂缝网络模型中。利用平行板和粗糙壁离散制造网络模型模拟了两种工作流体（水和二氧化碳）的热采过程。提出并分析了平行和粗糙壁离散裂缝网络模型对水和CO_2的流动特性，传热和相应的力学响应的影响。此外，还对基于粗糙壁离散裂缝网络和THM方法相结合的排热效率进行了计算和分析。还考虑了压力，温度，流体和储层岩石性质对热量提取速率的影响。发现在平行板和粗糙壁离散裂缝网络模型中，与水相比，CO_2导致的压力变化更快。还评估了压力和温度分布对渗透率和法向应力的影响，这有助于研究岩石基体和裂缝的变形机理。另外，平行板和粗糙壁离散裂缝网络之间的产热率存在一定差异，这表明本研究中使用的粗糙壁离散裂缝网络具有更好的导热性。在本研究中，还发现与CO_2相比，在某些生产期间，水是从地热储层中提取热量的更有效的工作流体。研究结果表明，粗糙壁离散网络模型在模拟热采过程中地热储层的真实条件和过程中具有重要意义。

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