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Thermal-hydraulic and thermodynamic performances of liquid metal based nanofluid in parabolic trough solar receiver tube

机译：液态金属基纳米流体在抛物槽式太阳能接收管中的热工和热力学性能

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摘要

Parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) are widely applied in concentrated solar energy utilization, and the further improvement of PTC's efficiency is usually restricted by heat transfer performance of parabolic trough solar receiver (PTR) tube. With the aim to enhance the heat transfer performance of PTR tube, liquid metal based nanofluid (i.e. the suspension of nano-scale powders in liquid metal) is proposed as working fluid due to its superior thermal transport properties. The thermal-hydraulic and thermodynamic performances of two types of liquid metal based nanofluids including gallium (Ga)-copper (Cu) and Ga-carbon nanotube (CNT) in PTR tube are numerically investigated. Monte Carlo Ray-Trace Method is used to obtain actual distribution of non-uniform heat flux on receiver tube wall, and four parameter turbulence model is adopted considering the low Prandtl number of liquid metal based nanofluid. The numerical method is validated by the experimental data. The results show that the presence of Cu and CNT can enhance the forced convection heat transfer of pure Ga in PTR tube, and the average enhancement degrees can reach up to 34.5% and 45.2% respectively under present conditions. Also, the frictional pressure drops of Ga—Cu and Ga-CNT nanofluids are larger than that of pure Ga at the same Reynolds number. With the increase of nano-powder concentration, the total entropy generation decreases and the exergetic efficiency increases. The thermodynamic performance of Ga-CNT nanofluid is better than that of Ga—Cu nanofluid under the same condition.
机译：抛物槽式集热器（PTCs）广泛应用于太阳能集中利用中，而PTC效率的进一步提高通常受到抛物槽式太阳能接收器（PTR）管的传热性能的限制。为了增强PTR管的传热性能，基于液态金属的纳米流体（即，纳米级粉末在液态金属中的悬浮液）被提议作为工作流体，因为其具有优异的热传递性能。数值研究了PTR管中镓（Ga）-铜（Cu）和Ga-碳纳米管（CNT）等两种液态金属基纳米流体的热工和热力学性能。蒙特卡罗射线追踪法用于获得接收器管壁上不均匀热通量的实际分布，考虑到液态金属基纳米流体的Prandtl值低，采用四参数湍流模型。数值方法得到了实验数据的验证。结果表明，Cu和CNT的存在可以增强纯Ga在PTR管中的强制对流换热，在当前条件下，平均增强度分别达到34.5％和45.2％。同样，在相同的雷诺数下，Ga-Cu和Ga-CNT纳米流体的摩擦压降比纯Ga的大。随着纳米粉体浓度的增加，总熵产生减少，能量效率增加。在相同条件下，Ga-CNT纳米流体的热力学性能优于Ga-Cu纳米流体。

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