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Application of small-scale compressed air energy storage in the daily operation of an active distribution system

机译：在积极分配系统的日常运行中的应用小规模压缩空气储存

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While compressed air energy storage (CAES) has many applications in the field of generation and transmission power systems based on the state-of-the-art, this paper proposes the application of smallscale CAESs (SCAESs) in form of a storage aggregator in the daily operation of an active distribution system (ADS), joining the distribution system operator (DSO) for the participation in the day-ahead (DA) wholesale market. An innovative two-agent modeling approach is formulated. The first agent is responsible for aggregating SCAES units and the profit maximization of the aggregator is based on the distribution local marginal price. The DSO as the second agent receives the DA scheduling from the independent SCAES aggregator and is thus responsible for the secure operation of the ADS, utilizing solar and dispatchable distributed generation (DG) as well as purchasing power from the wholesale market. Linear programming is used for the formulation and optimization of the SCAES aggregator, while a biobjective optimization algorithm (with the objectives of minimum operating cost as well as minimum power loss and emissions in different scenarios) is employed for DSO scheduling. The results show that the CAES aggregator can offer a considerable impact for power loss reduction, specifically, when diesel generators are not committed in the system operation (i.e., where emission has very low values between 10,000 and 12000 kg). Additionally, the CAES aggregator could reduce the operation costs of the grid in a wide range of operations, even though for the scenario in which the CAES units are not under the control of the DSO anymore and also are scheduled to maximize their own profit. Moreover, results demonstrated that CAES units can be a significant voltage control device for a distribution grid with different objectives. Finally, some conclusions are duly drawn. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：虽然压缩空气储能（CAES）在基于最先进的基础上的发电和传输电力系统领域具有许多应用，但本文提出了小型CAESS（SCAESS）在存储聚合器的形式中的应用每日运营积极分配系统（广告），加入分配系统运营商（DSO）参与日期（DA）批发市场。制定了一种创新的双代理建模方法。第一代理负责聚合SCAES单位，聚合器的利润最大化基于分布局部边际价格。作为第二代理的DSO从独立的SCAE聚合器接收DA调度，因此负责广告的安全操作，利用太阳能和可调度分布式发电（DG）以及从批发市场购买电力。线性编程用于SCAES聚合器的配方和优化，而DSO调度则采用生物回形优化算法（具有最小运营成本的目标以及不同方案中的最小功率丢失和排放）。结果表明，当在系统操作中未承诺柴油发电机（即排放在10,000到12000kg之间的值非常低）时，CAES聚合器可以为功率损耗减少提供相当大的影响。此外，CAES聚合器可以在广泛的操作中降低电网的运行成本，即使对于CAES单元不在DSO的控制不再被调度以最大限度地提高自己的利润，也可以降低电网的运行成本。此外，结果表明CAES单元可以是具有不同目标的分布网格的显着电压控制装置。最后，一些结论正式得出。 （c）2021 elestvier有限公司保留所有权利。

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