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Tradeoffs between revenue and emissions in energy storage operation

机译：储能运营中收益与排放之间的权衡

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摘要

Grid-level energy storage is an emerging technology that provides operational flexibility for managing electricity demand, integrating renewable energy, and improving system reliability. However, it has been established that revenue-maximizing grid-level energy storage tends to increase system emissions in current US electricity grids. In this work, we consider storage operational strategies that value both revenue and CO2 emissions to understand the tradeoffs between these two criteria. We use actual electricity prices and marginal emissions factors in a linear programming model that optimizes operation between annual revenue and CO2 emissions to find the Pareto Frontier for 22 eGRID sub-regions. We find that, in many US regions, marginal storage-induced CO2 emissions can be decreased significantly (25-50%) with little effect on revenue (1-5%). Electricity grids with larger flexibility in daily electricity prices and in marginal emissions factors have more potential to reduce annual storage CO2 emissions at low cost to storage operators. These results show that negative environmental effects of storage operation can be reduced or eliminated at low cost through voluntary or regulatory shifts in operational patterns. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：网格级能量存储是一种新兴技术，可为管理电力需求，集成可再生能源和提高系统可靠性提供操作灵活性。但是，已经确定的是，最大化收入的电网级储能往往会增加当前美国电网中的系统排放量。在这项工作中，我们考虑了同时考虑收入和CO2排放的仓储运营策略，以了解这两个标准之间的权衡。我们在线性规划模型中使用实际电价和边际排放因子，以优化年收入与CO2排放之间的运行，以找到22个eGRID子区域的帕累托边界。我们发现，在美国许多地区，边际存储引起的CO2排放量可以显着降低（25-50％），而对收入的影响很小（1-5％）。在日常电价和边际排放因子方面具有更大灵活性的电网具有更大的潜力，可以以较低的成本降低存储运营商的年度存储二氧化碳排放量。这些结果表明，可以通过自愿或监管性改变运营模式，以低成本降低或消除存储运营的负面环境影响。 （C）2017作者。由Elsevier Ltd.发布

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