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The shale revolution and entrepreneurship: An assessment of the relationship between energy sector expansion and small business entrepreneurship in US counties

机译：页岩革命与企业家精神：对美国各县能源部门扩张与小企业企业家精神之间关系的评估

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The shale revolution led to a sharp increase in the US oil and gas production. Although the long-term consequences of this process are yet to be assessed, existing evidence points to both positive and negative effects. The shale revolution has increased employment and income in resource-rich communities, but also contributed to pollution, higher crime rates and lower educational attainment. The job creating effects, however, may conceal differing impacts on paid employment and self-employment, where crowding out the latter is in line with one mechanism of the resource curse hypotheses. In this paper, we examine the previously undocumented impact of energy sector expansion on small business entrepreneurship. Using SUR and IV approaches and a differencing strategy, we estimate the effects of growth in oil and gas extraction industry on self-employment growth in metropolitan and rural US counties during the 2001-2013 period. The results suggest that after three years, oil and gas sector expansion appears to crowd out self-employment elsewhere in the economy, or, at the very least, has few net positive self-employment spillovers. This pattern may lead to a resource curse. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：页岩革命导致美国石油和天然气产量急剧增加。尽管此过程的长期后果尚待评估，但现有证据同时表明了积极和消极的影响。页岩革命增加了资源丰富社区的就业和收入，但也造成了污染，犯罪率上升和教育程度下降。但是，创造就业的效果可能掩盖了对有酬就业和自谋职业的不同影响，其中排挤后者与资源诅咒假设的一种机制是一致的。在本文中，我们研究了能源行业扩张对小企业企业家精神的先前未记录的影响。使用SUR和IV方法以及差异化策略，我们估算了2001年至2013年期间，石油和天然气开采行业的增长对美国大都市和农村县县自营职业增长的影响。结果表明，三年后，石油和天然气部门的扩张似乎排挤了经济中其他地方的自谋职业，或者至少没有净净的自谋职业溢出效应。这种模式可能导致资源诅咒。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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