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首页> 外文期刊>Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on >Faster-Better-Cheaper Projects: Too Much Risk or Overreaction to Perceived Failure?
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Faster-Better-Cheaper Projects: Too Much Risk or Overreaction to Perceived Failure?

机译：更快，更便宜的项目：对感知到的失败而言风险太大还是反应过度？

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摘要

From 1992 until 1999, NASA adopted a Faster-Better-Cheaper (FBC) paradigm—i.e., smaller low-cost spacecraft—for its unmanned missions. When many early missions met their objectives at much lower cost than traditional flagship missions, the FBC approach seemed successful. However, after the failures of two Mars spacecraft in 1999, the FBC paradigm was viewed as a failed experiment. We reflect on the legacy of FBC. In particular, we focus on the organizational learning literature to explore whether FBC, a stretch goal, was a good step for NASA. Previous examinations of FBC have focused on failure rates rather than on cost effectiveness. We revisit the question of FBC by examining all unmanned NASA missions launched between 1974 and 2007. We find that FBC missions resulted in more scientific publications per dollar of mission cost than other types of missions. From our analysis, we perceive lasting benefits to current projects from the adoption of the stretch goals, and perceive that NASA suffers from a bias against learning from the FBC experiment because of the stigma of the high-profile failed projects. We conclude with the recommendation that NASA should challenge itself with stretch goals, but with science goals rather than human exploration goals.
机译：从1992年到1999年，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）为无人飞行任务采用了更快更好的飞行器（FBC）模式，即小型低成本航天器。当许多早期任务以比传统旗舰任务低得多的成本实现目标时，FBC的方法似乎很成功。然而，在1999年两架火星飞船发生故障之后，FBC范式被视为一项失败的实验。我们反思FBC的遗产。尤其是，我们专注于组织学习文献，以探索FBC（一项艰巨的目标）是否对NASA迈出了重要一步。 FBC以前的检查重点是失败率，而不是成本效益。我们通过研究1974年至2007年之间执行的所有无人驾驶NASA任务，重新审视了FBC的问题。我们发现，与其他类型的任务相比，FBC任务产生的科学出版物每美元的任务成本可产生更多的科学出版物。根据我们的分析，我们认为通过采用扩展目标可以为当前项目带来持久的好处，并且可以看出，由于备受瞩目的失败项目而给NASA带来了从FBC实验中学到的偏见。我们以建议得出结论，NASA应该挑战目标，但要挑战科学目标而不是人类探索目标。

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