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A nonlinear model for gusset plate connections

机译：角撑板连接的非线性模型

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The investigation of the 2007 collapse of the I-35 W Highway Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, used very detailed nonlinear finite-element (FE) analysis. On the other hand, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provided simple guidelines for the load rating of gusset plates, but load rating was never intended to capture the actual behavior of gusset plates. The approach proposed here combines the accuracy of the first method with the simplicity of the second. From the detailed FE analysis of a single joint, the stiffness matrix of semi-rigid equivalent springs (linear in a simple model, nonlinear in a more advanced model) was derived by applying forces and moments to the free end of each portion of member (hereafter called stub member) that framed into the joint, one action at a time, while keeping the ends of the other stub members fixed. The equivalent springs were then placed in a global model, which was in turn verified against a global, detailed FE analysis of the I-35 W Highway Bridge. The nonlinear equivalent spring model was able to predict the correct failure mode. The approach was applied to a Howe truss bridge as an example of performance prediction of bridges with semi-rigid connections, most of them of one type. As the simplified spring model was developed from a detailed FE analysis of the joint considered, this approach would not be justified if all joints had to be modeled in detail. Examples where the approach can be used include: structures where only specific joints need to be investigated (e.g., joints subjected to concentrated loads), and structures where the same joint model can be used repeatedly at multiple locations. In some cases, the effort required in performing detailed FE analyses of many joints in order to develop simplified models can be justified if the simplified models can be used in subsequent multiple load cases, thus leading to overall computational savings. Under these circumstances, the nonlinear connection model proposed here provides a simple and affordable way to account for connection performance in global analysis.
机译：2007年对明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市的I-35 W公路桥梁坍塌的研究使用了非常详细的非线性有限元（FE）分析。另一方面，联邦公路管理局（FHWA）提供了角撑板额定载荷的简单准则，但额定载荷从未打算捕捉角撑板的实际性能。这里提出的方法将第一种方法的准确性与第二种方法的简单性结合在一起。通过对单个接头进行详细的有限元分析，可以通过在构件各部分的自由端施加力和力矩来推导半刚性等效弹簧的刚度矩阵（简单模型中为线性，高级模型中为非线性）（以下简称为“短截肢”，它一次固定一个框架，同时保持另一短截肢的末端固定。然后将等效弹簧放置在全局模型中，然后对I-35 W公路桥梁的全局详细FE分析进行验证。非线性等效弹簧模型能够预测正确的失效模式。该方法已应用于Howe桁架桥，作为半刚性连接桥梁（大多数为一种类型）的性能预测示例。由于简化弹簧模型是通过对所考虑的接头进行详细的有限元分析而开发的，因此，如果必须对所有接头进行详细建模，则无法采用这种方法。可以使用该方法的示例包括：仅需要研究特定接头的结构（例如，承受集中载荷的接头），以及可以在多个位置重复使用相同接头模型的结构。在某些情况下，如果简化的模型可以在后续的多载荷情况下使用，则可以证明为简化模型而对许多关节进行详细的有限元分析所需的工作是合理的，从而节省了总体计算量。在这种情况下，此处提出的非线性连接模型提供了一种简单且价格合理的方式来考虑全局分析中的连接性能。

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