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首页> 外文期刊>The English Historical Review >Hearne's ‘Fragment’ and the Long Prehistory of English Memoirs*
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Hearne's ‘Fragment’ and the Long Prehistory of English Memoirs*

机译：希恩的“片段”与英国回忆录的悠久历史*

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摘要

By the mid-sixteenth century, in much of Europe, a genre of ‘memoirs’ had established its appeal to the reading-public, thanks not least to the writings of fifteenth-century eye-witness participants of court-life and politics. Such developing reading-tastes can be found in sixteenth-century England as elsewhere; why then did the writing of English memoirs fail to take hold until the later seventeenth century? Throughout the sixteenth century in England the chronicle held its own, despite its perceived inadequacies and lack of such participant, eye-witness testimony; the ‘parasite genres’ were slow to displace it as the vehicle of narrative record. That something other than English cultural peculiarity caused this retardation is suggested by the text written towards the end of his long life by Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk (d. 1524), who in his younger days had served as écuyer échanson to Charles the Bold and as esquire of the Body to Edward IV. Had it survived in more than fragmentary form, that text would have provided for Yorkist England the type of political memoir which his fellow-courtiers Olivier de la Marche and Philippe de Commynes provide for contemporary Valois Burgundy and France. What that text, aimed at offering a royal household servant's eye-witness recollections of Edward IV's reign, would not have provided, even had it survived complete, was Thomas Howard's memoirs of the course of events in and after 1483: even a generation later, the violent uncertainties of English regime change, actual or prospective, evidently rendered a protagonist's written reminiscences inadvisable—dictating instead a prudential reticence which left England for long ‘the land without memoirs’.
机译：到16世纪中叶，在欧洲大部分地区，一种“回忆录”类型已经引起了大众的关注，这尤其要归功于15世纪法院生活和政治参与的目击者的著作。这样发展的阅读趣味可以在16世纪的英格兰和其他地方找到。为何直到十七世纪后期才开始撰写英语回忆录？在整个16世纪，英国的编年史保持了自己的地位，尽管它被认为是不足之处，并且缺乏这样的参与者，目击者的证词。 “寄生虫类型”很慢地取代了它作为叙事记录的载体。诺福克公爵托马斯·霍华德（Thomas Howard）（卒于1524年）在他长寿的末期所写的文字中暗示，除了英语文化的特殊性之外，还造成了这种阻碍。和爱德华四世的身体要求。如果它能以不成碎片的形式存在，那么该文本将为约克主义英格兰提供一种政治回忆录的类型，他的同僚Olivier de la Marche和Philippe de Commynes为当代瓦卢瓦·勃艮第和法国提供了政治回忆录。该文本旨在提供皇家家庭佣人对​​爱德华四世统治时期的目击回忆，即使托马斯·霍华德（Thomas Howard）在1483年及以后的事件历程回忆录中也没有提供，即使它得以完整保存下来：英国政权更动的不确定性，无论是实际的还是预期的，显然使主角的书面回忆不可取-而是表示审慎的沉默，使英格兰长期处于“没有回忆录的土地”。

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