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Seeing the Nation for the Trees: At the Frontier of Italian Nineteenth-Century Modernity

机译：为树木看国家：在意大利19世纪现代性的前沿

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In this article we analyse the emergence and the transformation of three different socio-natural spaces in a particular historical context - that is, the establishment of a modern state. We explore this issue by researching the relationship between forests and modernisation from Unification in 1861 to the 1890s. Over this period Italy experienced a radical change connected with the state-building process, and forests represented a material place where innovations in social and economic development were tested. Based on three case studies, this article explores how modernity was articulated through urban parks, ironworks, and infrastructures. The three cases speak of both depletion and conservation; they exemplify the patterns through which, in the very making of modernity, Italian society articulated its relationship to nature in an attempt to overcome customary rights and the traditional rural organisation of society. Forests were constructed as socio-ecological spaces reflecting Italy's contested and heterogeneous modernisation process through which political tensions, social conflicts and economic development theories were inscribed on transformed landscapes.
机译：在本文中，我们分析了在特定历史背景下（即建立现代国家）三种不同的社会自然空间的出现和转变。我们通过研究1861年至1890年统一时期的森林与现代化之间的关系来探讨这个问题。在此期间，意大利经历了与国家建设过程相关的重大变化，而森林则是测试社会和经济发展创新的重要场所。基于三个案例研究，本文探讨了如何通过城市公园，铁厂和基础设施实现现代性。这三个案例既涉及消耗，也涉及保护。他们举例说明了模式，通过这种模式，在实现现代性的过程中，意大利社会阐明了其与自然的关系，以试图克服习惯权利和传统的农村社会组织。森林被构建为社会生态空间，反映了意大利激烈的，异质的现代化进程，在此过程中，政治紧张局势，社会冲突和经济发展理论被刻画在变化的景观上。

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