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首页> 外文期刊>Environment and History >Modernisation with Local Characteristics: Development Efforts and the Environment on the Zoige Grass and Wetlands, 1949-2005
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Modernisation with Local Characteristics: Development Efforts and the Environment on the Zoige Grass and Wetlands, 1949-2005

机译：1949-2005年，具有地方特色的现代化：佐伊格草地和湿地的发展努力与环境

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摘要

The Zoige grasslands (Chinese, Ruo'er gai) on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau are a wetland and grassland region composed of marshes, bogs, wet meadows and shallow lakes interspersed with low hills and sub-alpine meadows. These grass and wetlands are recognised as an important grazing zone for western China, a globally significant biodiversity hotspot and major bird fly way. Since the late 1980s, research on the region has highlighted increasing regional environmental degradation. This study is an overview of the state-led development projects and local efforts to 'improve' local conditions on the grass and wetlands since 1949 and their impact on the regional ecological and social environment. It focuses mainly on historical state-led development projects to study and alter the wetlands, as well as more recent efforts to raise environmental awareness of the importance of Chinese wetlands. Development efforts by the Chinese state have led to both positive and negative outcomes for local Tibetan residents who had little or no say in modernisation efforts until the late 1980s, but who have received most of the blame for regional environmental problems. Despite recognised problems with water use and wetland degradation, as well as administrative emphasis on fencing, settlement and official land use management in nature reserves, the Chinese state continues to dominate discourse and management of the Zoige wetlands. However, local Tibetans have played an increasing role in regional wetland management. A historical assessment, in contrast to media portrayals and official discourses of the origins of grass and wetland degradation, explains more about the processes of degradation, and with increased local participation, points a new way forward to help in the formulation of more effective policies and mitigation'measures.
机译：青藏高原东缘的Zoige草原（中国人，若尔盖）是一个湿地和草原地区，由沼泽，沼泽，湿润的草地和浅湖组成，散布着低矮的山丘和亚高山草甸。这些草和湿地被公认为是中国西部重要的放牧区，是全球重要的生物多样性热点和主要鸟类飞翔方式。自1980年代后期以来，对该地区的研究突显了日益严重的区域环境恶化。这项研究概述了自1949年以来国家主导的发展项目以及地方为“改善”草地和湿地的当地条件而做出的努力及其对区域生态和社会环境的影响。它主要关注由国家主导的历史悠久的开发项目，以研究和改变湿地，以及最近作出的提高对中国湿地重要性的环保意识的努力。中国政府的发展努力给当地藏族居民带来了积极和消极的结果，他们在现代化方面直到1980年代后期都几乎没有发言权，但是他们对区域环境问题负有主要责任。尽管人们认识到在用水和湿地退化方面存在公认的问题，并且在自然保护区对篱笆，定居点和官方土地使用管理的行政管理偏重，但中国仍继续在Zoige湿地的论述和管理中占主导地位。但是，当地藏人在区域湿地管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。与媒体对草场和湿地退化成因的描述和官方论述相反，历史评估与退化过程有关，并且随着当地参与的增加，更多地解释了退化过程，并指出了一条新的道路，可以帮助制定更有效的政策和措施。缓解措施。

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