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Exposing smart cities and eco-cities: Frankenstein urbanism and the sustainability challenges of the experimental city

机译：揭露智慧城市和生态城市：科学怪人的城市主义与实验城市的可持续性挑战

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>In recent years, the world has seen the emergence of a number of urban projects which, under the banner ofexperimentation, have promoted alternative models of city-making capable, in theory, of creating sustainable built environments. Among these supposedly experimental models, thesmart cityand theeco-citystand out in terms of geographical diffusion, and are hailed by their advocates as the mark of an innovative urbanism based on a scientific approach to urban development. Through the analysis of Hong Kong and Masdar City, examples of a smart-city agenda and an eco-city project respectively, this paper questions the sustainability of so-calledsmart citiesandeco-cities, by investigating the extent to which they are developed in a controlled and systematic manner as their developers claim. More specifically, the paper counterclaims mainstream understandings of smart and ecological urbanism, arguing that what are promoted as cohesive settlements shaped by a homogeneous vision of the sustainable city, are actually fragmented cities made of disconnected and often incongruous pieces of urban fabric. Theoretically, these claims are discussed through the concept ofFrankenstein urbanismwhich draws upon Mary Shelley’s novel as a metaphor for unsuccessful experiments generated by the forced union of different, incompatible elements.
机译： >近年来，世界上已经看到了许多城市项目的出现，这些项目以 experimentation 为旗帜，促进了城市建设的替代模式，从理论上讲，它们能够创造可持续的建筑环境。在这些假定的实验模型中，智能城市和生态城市在地理扩散方面脱颖而出，并被其倡导者誉为基于创新城市主义的标志。科学的城市发展方法。通过对香港和马斯达尔市的分析，分别以智慧城市议程和生态城市项目为例，本文对所谓的“斜体>智慧城市和生态城市的可持续性提出了质疑。 ，方法是按照开发人员声称的那样，以受控和系统的方式调查开发的程度。更具体地说，该论文反驳了对智慧和生态城市主义的主流理解，认为由统一的可持续城市构想形成的凝聚力聚居区实际上是由零散且通常不协调的城市结构组成的零散城市。从理论上讲，这些主张是通过“弗兰肯斯坦都市主义”的概念来讨论的，该概念以玛丽·雪莱的小说为隐喻，说明了由不相容的不同元素的强迫结合而产生的不成功的实验。

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