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Economic shock and regional resilience: Continuity and change in Canada's regional employment structure, 1987-2012

机译：经济冲击和区域弹性：1987-2012年加拿大区域就业结构的连续性和变化

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摘要

This article analyses regional resilience to economic shock in Canada from 1987 to 2012, a period that included severe recessions and major free-trade agreements. Employment is cross-tabulated by region, industry and gender and partitioned cumulatively using three-way multifactor partitioning for each period from 1987-1988 to 1987-2012. Employment loss in each recession is found to be more closely associated with industry-mix in the preceding growth period than with the region effect. At each recession, manufacturing had much bigger employment losses and a much weaker recovery than business services. Thus manufacturing amplifies economic shocks, while business services act as regional shock absorbers. Manufacturing employment decline in Ontario was influenced by trade liberalization and far exceeds what would be expected from the industry and region effects alone. Female employment growth outpaced male employment growth in every region and in every industry group apart from business and appeared to be more resilient to recession. But corrected for their industry composition and regional disparities, these gender differences are substantially reduced.
机译：本文分析了1987年至2012年加拿大在经济冲击中的区域应变能力，这一时期包括严重的经济衰退和主要的自由贸易协定。就业按地区，行业和性别进行交叉制表，并在1987-1988年至1987-2012年的每个时期使用三向多因素分区进行累积分区。发现每次衰退中的就业损失与前一个增长时期的行业结构密切相关，而不是与区域效应相关。在每次衰退中，制造业都比商业服务业遭受更大的就业损失，而复苏则要弱得多。因此，制造业加剧了经济冲击，而商业服务则充当了地区性冲击吸收者。安大略省制造业就业人数的下降受贸易自由化的影响，远远超过仅凭行业和地区影响就可以预期的程度。除了商业以外，在每个区域和每个行业类别中，女性就业增长都超过了男性，并且似乎更能抵御衰退。但是，根据其行业构成和区域差异进行校正后，这些性别差异已大大减少。

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