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Internal and external dynamics of the Munich film and TV industry cluster, and limitations to future growth

机译：慕尼黑影视产业集群的内部和外部动态以及对未来增长的限制

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摘要

This analysis uses the case of a seemingly successful industry cluster (ie the film and TV industry in Munich) to demonstrate that deficits in the structure of social relations can impact a cluster's growth potential. In the period after World War II, Munich grew into a national centre of media industries in Germany due to the introduction of private/commercial TV, national entry barriers, and a supportive institutional infrastructure. The recent advertising crisis and the dissolution of the Kirch Group have, however, reinforced already existing internal dilemmas and contradictions. We suggest that the growth prospects of this industry are limited due to a lack of reflexive, interconnected communication and interaction patterns. In conceptual terms, we apply a model which emphasizes that local interaction or 'buzz' in clusters and interaction with external firms and markets through translocal or global 'pipelines' create reflexive dynamics. Based on this conception, participatory observation and semistructured interviews were conducted with sixty-five Munich firms, as well as with planners and media experts from the region. The results indicate that the regional, national, and occasional international project networks have had a smaller impact on the Munich film and TV industry than expected. Our investigation provides evidence that the cluster's structure of social relations is relatively weak. Internal networks which could drive creative recombination and innovation are underdeveloped, and linkages with external markets which could provide substantial growth impulses to the region are lacking. We argue that this structural weakness limits the potential for future growth.
机译：该分析以看似成功的产业集群（即慕尼黑的影视产业）为例，证明社会关系结构的缺陷会影响集群的增长潜力。在第二次世界大战之后的时期，由于引入了私人/商业电视，国家进入壁垒和支持性的机构基础设施，慕尼黑成为了德国媒体产业的国家中心。但是，最近的广告危机和Kirch Group的解散加剧了已经存在的内部困境和矛盾。我们认为，由于缺乏反思性，相互联系的沟通和互动模式，该行业的增长前景有限。从概念上讲，我们应用了一个模型，该模型强调集群中的本地互动或“嗡嗡声”，以及通过跨地区或全球“管道”与外部公司和市场的互动会产生反思性动态。基于这一构想，与六十五家慕尼黑公司以及该地区的规划师和媒体专家进行了参与性观察和半结构化访谈。结果表明，区域性，国家性和偶然性的国际项目网络对慕尼黑影视业的影响小于预期。我们的调查提供了证据，表明集群的社会关系结构相对薄弱。可能会导致创意重组和创新的内部网络不发达，与外部市场的联系可能会给该地区带来巨大的增长动力，但这种联系尚缺乏。我们认为，这种结构性缺陷限制了未来增长的潜力。

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